Kavaya - 1 Components of the Space-Based Lidar Winds Roadmap Michael Kavaya, Farzin Amzajerdian, Grady Koch, Jirong Yu, Upendra Singh NASA/LaRC Working Group on Space-Based Lidar Winds Sedona, AZ Feb. 1-3, 2005

Kavaya - 2 Why Think About Roadmaps? To eliminate unnecessary steps to save money To shrink the time line before launch as much as possible To match the required tasks to the best implementing group(s) To communicate the pre-mission needs to funder(s) To ensure the pieces fit together smoothly

Kavaya micron laser 1988 Hybrid ESSP UAV Operation Hybrid Aircraft Operation Compact Packaging Space Qualif. Pre-Launch Validation Doppler Lidar Ground Demo. Conductive Cooling Techn Hybrid NPOESS Autonomous Oper. Technol. Space Qualif. Pre-Launch Validation 2-Micron Coherent Doppler Lidar 1-Micron Direct Doppler Lidar Laser Risk Reduction Program IIP Proposal Past Funding Diode Pump Technology 1993 Inj. Seeding Technology 1996 Autonomous Oper. Technol. 1 micron laser Compact Packaging Doppler Lidar Ground Demo. Conductive Cooling Techn. Diode Pump Technology Inj. Seeding Technology High Energy Technology 1997 High Energy Technology Lifetime Validation 7-Yr. Lifetime Validation 1 micron altimetry space missions 2 micron Doppler wind aircraft flights Pump Laser Diode Advancement Characterize Atmosphere Climatology Risk Reduction (IPO) Performance Predicting Simulations A Sample Roadmap Dual Wavelength Telescope & Scanner

Kavaya - 4 Conductive Cooling Eliminates cooling fluid in space Eliminates power to circulate the cooling fluid Best match to radiators If skipped: increased payload power and mass, decreased lidar power and mass, increased risk $ 6M currently funded under LRRP To be completed by end of FY07 (All estimates are ROM)

Kavaya - 5 Compact Packaging/Eng. Model Stepping stone to space packaging Lidar operation with small distances is different Closer thermal environment to space Observation of long-term operation Enables aircraft/UAV operation If skipped: Should not even consider skipping this $4M 2.5 years

Kavaya - 6 Airplane Operation Qualitative demonstration of “space ruggedness” Trial run for compactness Enables characterization of atmosphere and surface returns from “space” perspective Enables validation of data characteristics and signal processing ideas Typical NASA stepping stone to space, pleases typical reviewer Software, displays, accommodation not reusable for space If skipped: Obtain atmospheric characteristics in another way? No pretty data to help sell space mission. Enter mission with more unvalidated assumptions $10M (coherent)($6M if compact packaging funded) 2.5 years

Kavaya - 7 Hybrid Aircraft Operation With proper scanners and software, demonstrates hybrid data complementarity and synergy May lead to new ideas for synergy and space mission operations plan Bilidarsan data will please typical reviewer of hybrid mission proposal If skipped: demonstrate synergy from the ground? No pretty data to help sell hybrid mission. $20M 2.5 years

Kavaya - 8 Autonomous Operation Tech. Stepping stone to learn before space mission Enables UAV flights (Hard mount optics and sophisticated SW) Enable Space flights (Automatic alignment and Lag Angle Compensation) Development time hard to estimate, better to get started soon If skipped: No UAV flights, all development and learning during mission, increased risk $5M (12FTE + $1.5M procurements) (with existing compact DWL) 2.5 years

Kavaya - 9 UAV Operation All aircraft operation advantages plus: Demonstrates compactness and autonomous operation Potential for higher altitudes and more operation time than aircraft (Attractive to DOD and Homeland Security) Big bragging point for space mission proposal If skipped: try to do autonomous operation on ground before mission $ 30M (hybrid) 3 years

Kavaya - 10 Pre-Mission Space Qualification Accomplishing this will strengthen space mission proposal Any failure leading to required laser architecture change will take time – don’t wait for mission to find out If skipped: Increased risk of cost and schedule problems during mission $1M with existing compact DWL 6 months

Kavaya - 11 Lifetime Validation Lifetime tests prior to mission may allow improvement in laser and/or laser diodes and/or optics/coatings Test data will strengthen space mission proposal Accelerated tests on pulsed lasers not recommended If skipped: Life testing during mission will necessarily be too short. Increased risk of early mission degradation/failure $500K/year (with available components) = 7 years

Kavaya - 12 Pre-launch Validation Proves Doppler lidar photon efficiency of flight instrument meets the requirement Ideal is long evacuated or quiescent tube with beam reducing optics and calibrated target (efficiency) If skipped: No end to end test prior to launch, increased risk of lower than expected performance $1M (coherent) Add 2 months to mission schedule

Kavaya - 13 ESSP Class Mission Stepping stone to NPOESS mission Lower orbit height allows less sensitive Doppler lidar Do we have science justification for NASA HQ? If skipped: First step will be high orbit, complex multi- sensor spacecraft mission $150M 3 years

Kavaya - 14 Characterize Atmosphere What is aerosol backscatter climatology? What are cloud porosity statistics? What are backscatter/wind/wind turbulence/refractive turbulence/wind shear correlations? What are the vertical wind statistics? If skipped: Rely on other sources of atmospheric information. Larger error bars on performance predictions. Larger chance that orbiting lidar has sub-optimal parameters. $500K/year?? 3 years??

Kavaya - 15 Hybrid DWL Scanner Would save volume Would save footprint area Allows greater claim of “shared resources” HOE will probably add ? dB of loss to coherent lidar due to transmission coefficients and wavefront quality HOE currently low TRL, needs demonstration (dual, diameter, transmission coefficient, wavefront quality, launch survival) If skipped: Separate telescopes/scanners. More area and volume. Extra step of synchronization? $?? Time ??

Kavaya - 16 Conclusions Should this Working Group pick and advocate a specific roadmap? Can we perform the tasks in a non-serial way to save calendar time?

Kavaya micron laser 1988 Hybrid ESSP UAV Operation Hybrid Aircraft Operation Compact Packaging Space Qualif. Pre-Launch Validation Doppler Lidar Ground Demo. Conductive Cooling Techn Hybrid NPOESS Autonomous Oper. Technol. Space Qualif. Pre-Launch Validation 2-Micron Coherent Doppler Lidar 1-Micron Direct Doppler Lidar Laser Risk Reduction Program IIP Proposal Past Funding Diode Pump Technology 1993 Inj. Seeding Technology 1996 Autonomous Oper. Technol. 1 micron laser Compact Packaging Doppler Lidar Ground Demo. Conductive Cooling Techn. Diode Pump Technology Inj. Seeding Technology High Energy Technology 1997 High Energy Technology Lifetime Validation 7-Yr. Lifetime Validation 1 micron altimetry space missions 2 micron Doppler wind aircraft flights Pump Laser Diode Advancement Characterize Atmosphere Climatology Risk Reduction (IPO) Performance Predicting Simulations A Sample Roadmap Dual Wavelength Telescope & Scanner