Super-Kamiokande Gadolinium R&D Project: Status and Outlook 68 th JPS annual meeting. Kyoto. September 11 th, Lluís Martí Magro (Univ. Tokyo, ICRR) for the S uper- K amiokande collaboration.

Flux limit at Super-K Phys. Rev. D 85, (2012) Supernova Relic Neutrino Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, The goal is the discovery of SRN ! → Measurement limits getting closer to predictions → Large backgrounds dominate this analysis → Expand the energy range starting from 10 MeV

G adolinium A ntineutrino D etector Z ealously O utperforming O ld K amiokande S uper ! Inverse beta decay (2.2MeV) ~8 MeV ΔT~30μsec Vertices within ~50cm GADZOOKS! Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, → Dissolve Gd in SK pure water (0.2%) → Neutrons captured on Gd produce a cascade of photons of ~ 8 MeV → The coincidence detection of e + and those photons we can single out inverse beta decays and greatly reduce backgrounds!! J.Beacom and M.Vagins, Phys.Rev.Lett.93 (2004) 17110

Evaluating Gadolinium’s A ction on D etector S ystems Kamioka mine 200 ton tank EGADS Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, Our Goals: Water purification system Monitor the water transparency Effects on detector components Adding/removing Gd Neutron background New hall ' PMT 200 ton tank (d=6.5 m, h=6.5 m) 15 ton tank Water system Water transp arency measu remen t Achieve and maintain a high water quality while keeping Gd

Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, EGADS plan schedule - Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done! - Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Done! - Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 loaded water - Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total) - Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project

Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, EGADS plan schedule - Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done! - Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Done! - Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 loaded water - Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total) - Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project

Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, EGADS plan schedule - Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done! - Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Done! - Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 loaded water - Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total) - Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project

Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, EGADS plan schedule - Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done! - Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Done! - Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 loaded water - Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total) - Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project

Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, EGADS plan schedule - Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done! - Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Done! - Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 loaded water - Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total) - Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project

- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done! - Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Done! - Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 loaded water - Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total) - Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, EGADS plan schedule

Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, EGADS plan schedule - Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done! - Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Done! - Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 loaded water - Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total) - Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project

Filtration of Gd loaded water Impurities size ++ ―> Porous size ++ ―> (NF) (UF) (RO) th September, th JPS annual meetingLluís Martí Magro

Water system M.Vagins 15 ton EGADS Test Tank Intake Pump (>4 ton/hr) 5  m 1 st Stage Filter Concentrated Gd NF Reject Lines UV #1 Membrane Degas 0.2  m 2 nd Stage Filter 0.5 ton Collection Buffer Tank Repressurization Pump (>0.6 MPa, >4 ton/hr) Repressurization Pump (>0.6 MPa, >3 ton/hr) NF #2 NF #1 Ultrafilter #1 Repressur- ization Pump (>0.9 MPa, >2 ton/hr) TOC 5  m Filter 0.5 ton Buffer Tank RO #1 UF #1 UF #2 Repressurization Pump (>0.9 MPa, >1.5 ton/hr) DI #2 5  m Filter RO #2 RO Permeate Lines Conveying Pump (~0.35 MPa, >4 ton/hr) Recycles RO Reject Lines Chiller UF#1 Reject Line UF#2 Reject UV #2 DI #1 To Drain Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, Anion-removal resin 5  m Anion-removal resin

The EGADS Hall Pre-treatment system 15m3 tank for pre-treatment 200 ton tank UDEAL Water system 14 Anion-removal resin (AJ4400) Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, 2012

The EGADS Hall 15 Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, m 3 tank and pre- treatment Gadolinium removal system Water system New New AJ4400 July 11 th Flushing system 13 th August

16 Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, 2012 New run (20 th July) Gadolinium sulfate concentration NF1-R reduced from 12L → 9L (19 th April) Pump 4 off (2 nd May) NF1-R reduced from 12L → 9L (19 th April) Pump 4 off (2 nd May) Sampling date We can keep the Gd concentration constant !

Summary Hollow cathode lamp Step 1: the EGADS main water system is able to reach and maintain SK pure water quality level Step 2: after adding Gd, the water system can obtain and maintain a high pure water quality level (see Yano-san's talk) while keeping Gd → New AJ4400 resin installed in the main water system → Membrane flushing system upgraded Step 3: soon we will start the circulation of Gd loaded water though the 200 ton tank Preparations for the next steps are well advanced: PMT pre- calibration and installation, DAQ system, etc (see Mori-san and Yamaguchi-san's talks!) Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September, Done!

Hollow cathode lamp BACKUP

The EGADS main water system reached SK level pure water Transparency (pure water, step1) Lluís Martí Magro68 th JPS annual meeting 11 th September,

Hollow cathode lamp BACKUP