© T. M. Whitmore Today North Africa and Southwest Asia  Ancient lands, new countries  Political problems Europe  Geographical location  Physical environment.

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© T. M. Whitmore Today North Africa and Southwest Asia  Ancient lands, new countries  Political problems Europe  Geographical location  Physical environment  Population

© T. M. Whitmore Last Time North Africa and Southwest Asia  Culture  Religion  Language  Ethnicity  Ancient lands, new countries

© T. M. Whitmore Political geography of this region Unrepresentative rule Unrepresentative  14 countries with hereditary rulers on the globe (possessing real power) — 8 of these are in this region  Countries that are ruled by the military and various types of “strong-men”  Palestinian Arabs, the Kurds, and other ethnic/Muslim minoritiesKurds

The Kurds, who speak a Persian language, are spread across several modern states. (They are a nation without a state.) Only in Iraq have they achieved near-autonomous rule. In Iran and Turkey, separatist Kurdish guerillas battle with government forces.

© T. M. Whitmore Political powder kegs in this region N. African migrants in EuropeEurope Islamic fundamentalismfundamentalism Problematic States Kurdish independence Kurdish Israel and the Palestinians Israel And of course IraqIraq

© T. M. Whitmore

Currently 5.4 million Jews live in Israel, including 267,000 who live in settlements in the West Bank. 1.4 million Arabs also live in Israel.

Iraqi casualties per week The costs of the Iraq war

Iraq has the become the world center of terrorism. 2005

The Iraq conflict has displaced more than 4 million people, a large proportion of Iraq’s 29 million citizens. These include both refugees who have fled to other countries and internally displaced persons. Syria and Jordan are the primary destinations of refugees.

Kurds & Sunni Arabs Shi’a Arabs

© T. M. Whitmore Geography of Europe Northerly Location Northerly Peninsular and insular nature

Chapel Hill’s relative latitude location

© T. M. Whitmore Climate Atlantic-Western (continental west coast) (Köppen Cfb; like US west coast) Continental-Eastern (Köppen Dfb; like upper midwest in USA) Mediterranean-Southern (Köppen Csa; like coastal California in USA) Alpine (Köppen Et like Mtns of CA or CO in USA)

S W E

© T. M. Whitmore Vegetation Atlantic-Western Continental-Eastern Mediterranean-Southern Alpine

© T. M. Whitmore Landforms Western highlands: British Isles North European plain Central uplands and plateaux Mtns. Major river systemsriver Consequences of Europe’s physical environment

© T. M. Whitmore Population World’s 1st Demographic Transition 1700s-1930sDemographic Stages of the DT Consequences of Demographic Transition  Huge population increase  Large emigration  High pop density and urbanizationdensity  Labor issues at “end” of DT Labor

Pre s – 1850s 1850s – 1930s 1930s – present European Demographic Transition emigration Why?