Supersonic flow and shockwaves

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Presentation transcript:

Supersonic flow and shockwaves Claude-Louis Navier George Gabriel Stokes

Supersonic flow and shockwaves Mach Number: M = u/c - u speed object - c constant speed of sound - Ersnt Mach, physicist who studied gas dynamics Properties of the flow Pressure Velocity Temperature Density Thermodynamics Normaly an isentropic flow Enrst Mach

Supersonic flow and shockwaves Two main factors that contribute to the flow over an object Viscosity Compressibility factor To describe the flow of gas we use the Navier-Stokes equations

Supersonic flow and shockwaves Equation of continuity Compressible fluid Imcompressible fluid Equation of conservation of momentum Equation of conservation energy

Supersonic flow and shockwaves Types of flow Subsonic flow (M<1) Transonic flow (around M=1) Supersonic flow (M>1) Hypersonic flow (M>5)

Supersonic flow and shockwaves Subsonic flow Ignore Compressibility factor below M<0.3 Viscocity must be taken into account Incompressible flow Lockheed C-130 Hercules (Mach 0.5) Schweitzer 2-33A Glider (Mach 0.07)

Supersonic flow and shockwaves Bell X-1 (Mach 1) October 14th,1947 Chuck Yeager Transonic flow Compressibility factor and viscocity of the fluid must be taken into account Increase in drag and not a stable speed to fly in Shockwaves start to appear

Supersonic flow and shockwaves SR-71 Blackbird (Mach 3.2) Supersonic flow Must take compressibility into account Viscosity can be neglected Shockwaves are created

Supersonic flow and shockwaves X-15 (Mach 10) Hypersonic flow (above Mach 5) Aerodynamic heating occurs (caused by friction and compression) Compressible flow

Supersonic flow and shockwave Sonicboom Caused by an object breaching the speed of sound Object continously produces air-pressure waves. The actual sound is created by the sudden offset of the release of the pressure waves. Sound Barrier

Supersonic flow and shockwaves Occurs as the airplane compresses air molecules faster than they can move away from the airplane. Biggest concern when it comes to supersonic flight Can be harmful to humans and animals even after the shockwaves have decayed

Supersonic flow and shockwaves

Supersonic flow and shockwaves

Supersonic flow and shockwaves Space shuttle has to reach a vertical speed of Mach 25 to to be able to reach orbit. Cheaper more efficient ways of getting to space are being developed everywhere

Supersonic flow and shockwaves Future developments Low shockwave emission aircraft Faster airplanes Cheaper ways of getting to space New designs for supersonic transport aircraft

Supersonic flow and shockwaves The end