Energy Momentum, Collisions, Impulse. Momentum A measure of how hard it is to stop a moving object A measure of how hard it is to stop a moving object.

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Presentation transcript:

Energy Momentum, Collisions, Impulse

Momentum A measure of how hard it is to stop a moving object A measure of how hard it is to stop a moving object Momentum = Momentum = (MASS) (VELOCITY) (MASS) (VELOCITY)

Momentum Equation p= m v Units p= mv = (kg)(meter) = kg·m second s second s

Momentum animations omentum.html omentum.html omentum.html omentum.html

Momentum Example 1 What is the momentum of an orange with a mass of 0.5kg thrown with a velocity of 5.0 m/s? thrown with a velocity of 5.0 m/s? m = 0.5kg v = 5.0 m/s p = mv = (0.5kg)(5.0 m/s) = 2.5 kg·m s s

Momentum Example 2 An object with a mass of 3.0 kg is traveling at a velocity of 4.0 m/s. What is its momentum? What is its momentum?

More momentum examples echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary1.html echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary1.html echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary1.html echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary1.html

Conservation of Momentum Newton’s Third Law For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction! To accelerate an object, we must apply force To accelerate an object, we must apply force

Conservation of Momentum Force(s) must be external Force(s) must be external Internal forces do not apply Internal forces do not apply E.g. to accelerate a car, E.g. to accelerate a car, do you push do you push on the dashboard? on the dashboard?

Conservation of Momentum echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary3.html echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary3.html echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary3.html echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary3.html

Collisions Net momentum before collision = Net momentum after the collision

Elastic Collisions echanics/momentum/solvers/momentumS olvers1.htm echanics/momentum/solvers/momentumS olvers1.htm echanics/momentum/solvers/momentumS olvers1.htm echanics/momentum/solvers/momentumS olvers1.htm

Inelastic Collisions echanics/momentum/solvers/momentumS olvers1.htm echanics/momentum/solvers/momentumS olvers1.htm echanics/momentum/solvers/momentumS olvers1.htm echanics/momentum/solvers/momentumS olvers1.htm

Impulse = force exerted over time  Impulse changes momentum

Impulse Equation J = (Force) (time) J = Ft = mΔv = Δp = m (v 2 -v 1 ) = Δp m (v 2 -v 1 ) = Δp (mass)(change in velocity) = (mass)(change in velocity) = change in momentum change in momentum

Impulse Units J= (Newton) (seconds) J = N·s J = N·s Force is in Newtons Force is in Newtons Time is in seconds Time is in seconds

Impulse Example An 8N force acts on a 5 kg object for 3 seconds. If the initial velocity of the object was 25 m/s, what is its final velocity? F= 8 Nm= 5 kg t= 3 s v 1 = 25 m/s v 2 = ? J = Ft =(8N)(3s) = 24 N·s BUT we need to find v 2 ……… BUT we need to find v 2 ………

Impulse Example J = mΔv = m (v 2 -v 1 ) = 24 N·s = 5 kg(v m/s) = 24 = 5 v m/s = 24 = 5 v m/s = = 5 v 2 = 149/5 = v 2 = 29.8 m/s

Impulse problems echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary2.html echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary2.html echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary2.html echanics/momentum/introductoryProblem s/momentumSummary2.html