The Atom, Light, and Quantum Mechanics rth_the_key_to_success_grit
Electron Cloud Model: Now called The Quantum Mechanical Model
Developed by Erwin Schrodinger in 1926
It addresses… 1. The dual nature of matter and energy 2. The study of the wave nature of really, really tiny objects 3. The allowed amounts of energy to change the electrons energy level
Quantum: a quantum of energy is the amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level. Each electron is quantized. Has a SPECIFIC energy requirement.
How likely is it to find an electron around the nucleus? Described by probability… Calculated using VERY advanced and complicated mathematical expressions. Think about the marbles
This probability is represented using the Atomic Orbitals. It is the region of space that has a high probability of finding an electron. Has energy levels associated with it called Principal Quantum Number (n=1,2,3,4,…)
Each energy level has a shape associated with it… S 1 orbital 2 electrons max P 3 orbital 6 electrons max D 5 orbitals 10 electrons max
f 7 orbitals 14 electrons max YOU are responsible for orbital shapes for s and p.
LIGHT: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Radiation
Amplitude, wavelength, frequency, hertz Units of frequency: Hertz (Hz) = s -1 = 1/s= #cycles per second
Frequency and Wavelength are inversely proportional. Lambda (m), nu (s - 1 ), c (m/s)
Atomic Spectra Pass an electric current through a gas (atoms), it energizes the electrons. The electrons move into higher energy levels. When they lose the energy and return to the lower energy level, they emit light.
Atomic emission spectrum of an element is like the fingerprint of the element. It shows the frequencies of light that is emitted by the element Each element is unique!
Mercury: Blue Nitrogen Gas: yellowish-orange Lithium Ion: Red
Light (photons) is energy. Particles are matter. Both can behave as waves (energy) or matter. This is called the wave-particle duality. Proven by the famous double-slit experiment
Photons and Electrons had the same patterns of distribution!
Classical mechanics describes the motions of bodies much larger than atoms (like us!). Quantum mechanics describe the motions of subatomic particles and atoms as waves.
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle States that it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of the electron at the same time. The more sure you are about how fast it is moving, the less sure you are where it is… nberg-humor.html
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Physicist John Wheeler has said, “if you're not completely confused by quantum mechanics, you don't understand it.” Richard Feynman said “it's safe to say that nobody understands quantum mechanics. It works great, but if they tell you why they know how it works, they're lying to you.” Wave-Particle Duality Electrons changing patterns when being observed Time Dilation (Twin Paradox) Time travel and Worm Holes?! Tunneling Bring in 2 places at once This is where all the science fiction is created… Quantum Physics Watch: The Inexplicable Universe: Spooky Universe (Netflix)