What causes day and night? (Please get this right…) What causes day and night? (Please get this right…) Do you see different stars at night here than you do in Oregon? Why or why not? Do you see different stars at night here than you do in Oregon? Why or why not? How Big is the Universe? How Big is the Universe?

Universe Universe Galaxy Galaxy Solar system Solar system Big Bang Theory Big Bang Theory Planet Planet Dwarf planet Dwarf planet Comet Comet Asteroid Asteroid Meteorites Meteorites Sun Sun Solar Flare Solar Flare Star Star Constellation Constellation Nebula Nebula Light Year Light Year Black hole Black hole Quasars Quasars Refracting Telescope Refracting Telescope Reflecting Telescope Reflecting Telescope Parallax Parallax Electromagnetic spectrum Electromagnetic spectrum Spectrograph Spectrograph Parsec Parsec Lunar Eclipse Lunar Eclipse Solar Eclipse Solar Eclipse Globular clusters Globular clusters Planetary nebulae Planetary nebulae Universe Universe Galaxy Galaxy Solar system Solar system Big Bang Theory Big Bang Theory Planet Planet Dwarf planet Dwarf planet Comet Comet Asteroid Asteroid Meteorites Meteorites Sun Sun Solar Flare Solar Flare Star Star Constellation Constellation Nebula Nebula Light Year Light Year Black hole Black hole Quasars Quasars Refracting Telescope Refracting Telescope Reflecting Telescope Reflecting Telescope Parallax Parallax Electromagnetic spectrum Electromagnetic spectrum Spectrograph Spectrograph Parsec Parsec Lunar Eclipse Lunar Eclipse Solar Eclipse Solar Eclipse Globular clusters Globular clusters Planetary nebulae Planetary nebulae

A large group of stars, solar systems, and associated gas and dust in space that is bound by gravity A large group of stars, solar systems, and associated gas and dust in space that is bound by gravity Composed of one or more stars and the planets and other bodies that orbit around the star(s) Composed of one or more stars and the planets and other bodies that orbit around the star(s) All of space and everything in it All of space and everything in it

The universe began with a violent explosion about billion years ago The universe began with a violent explosion about billion years ago Since then, the universe has been expanding Since then, the universe has been expanding – We believe it is still expanding! Matter in the universe collected to form stars  stars died in supernova explosions  explosions added new elements to the universe Matter in the universe collected to form stars  stars died in supernova explosions  explosions added new elements to the universe About 5 billion years ago, a nebula collapsed to form the solar system About 5 billion years ago, a nebula collapsed to form the solar system

Since the “big bang” created the entire universe, space and time did not exist before the big bang Since the “big bang” created the entire universe, space and time did not exist before the big bang “Space” and “Time” are concepts that came into being when our universe began “Space” and “Time” are concepts that came into being when our universe began

About 5 billion years ago, a nebula collapsed to form the solar system About 5 billion years ago, a nebula collapsed to form the solar system Slowly the nebula shrank into a spinning disk Slowly the nebula shrank into a spinning disk Gravity pulled the matter into the disk’s center – sun was born Gravity pulled the matter into the disk’s center – sun was born Gas and dust started to collect to form spheres Gas and dust started to collect to form spheres Spheres closest to the sun lost most of their gases and dust/rock collected and became very dense = inner planets (Earth, Mars, etc) Spheres closest to the sun lost most of their gases and dust/rock collected and became very dense = inner planets (Earth, Mars, etc) Spheres farther away retained gases to form gas giant plants = Jupiter, Saturn, etc Spheres farther away retained gases to form gas giant plants = Jupiter, Saturn, etc

Any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a star. Any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a star.

A celestial body orbiting the Sun that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity but has not cleared its neighboring region of planetesimals and is not a satellite. A celestial body orbiting the Sun that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity but has not cleared its neighboring region of planetesimals and is not a satellite.

A small body of ice, rock, and dust that revolves around a star and forms a tail as it passes close to the star A small body of ice, rock, and dust that revolves around a star and forms a tail as it passes close to the star Halley’s Comet

Small, irregular, rocky objects that orbit the sun Small, irregular, rocky objects that orbit the sun

Pieces of rock (stone or iron) that originate in space and survive a fall to the ground through Earth's atmosphere Pieces of rock (stone or iron) that originate in space and survive a fall to the ground through Earth's atmosphere Most are remnants of asteroids or possibly comets Most are remnants of asteroids or possibly comets

Term given to objects in the early solar system that had reached the size of small moons, at which point their gravitational fields were strong enough to begin to influence their neighbors. Term given to objects in the early solar system that had reached the size of small moons, at which point their gravitational fields were strong enough to begin to influence their neighbors.

The Sun is a star! The Sun is a star! Source of light & heat for Source of light & heat for the planets in the solar system Contains 99.85% of the Contains 99.85% of the mass in the solar system the Earth revolves around the Earth revolves around the Sun

a sudden eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface a sudden eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface associated with sunspots and radio interference associated with sunspots and radio interference

a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior A pattern of stars in the sky A pattern of stars in the sky Aries Sagittarius

A large amount of gas and dust spread out in an immense volume A large amount of gas and dust spread out in an immense volume All stars begin as parts of nebulas All stars begin as parts of nebulas Gravity pulls some of the gas and dust together Gravity pulls some of the gas and dust together – This cloud of dust and gas is called a “photostar” When this cloud of dust and gas gets so hot that nuclear fusion occurs…a star is born! When this cloud of dust and gas gets so hot that nuclear fusion occurs…a star is born! – Nuclear fusion – atoms of hydrogen combine to form helium and lots of energy is released

The distance that light travels in one year The distance that light travels in one year A measurement of distance, not time! A measurement of distance, not time! In space, light travels at a speed of about 300,000 kilometers per second In space, light travels at a speed of about 300,000 kilometers per second – 300,000 km = 186,411 miles = over 11,000 football fields! – That’s 11,000 football fields a second! In one year, light travels about 9.5 trillion kilometers (about 6 trillion miles) In one year, light travels about 9.5 trillion kilometers (about 6 trillion miles)

The remains of an extremely massive star pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity The remains of an extremely massive star pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity A distant galaxy with a black hole at its center A distant galaxy with a black hole at its center

Refracting Telescope Refracting Telescope Reflecting Telescope Reflecting Telescope Parallax Parallax Electromagnetic spectrum Electromagnetic spectrum Spectrograph Spectrograph Parsec Parsec Lunar Eclipse Lunar Eclipse Solar Eclipse Solar Eclipse Globular clusters Globular clusters Planetary nebulae Planetary nebulae Refracting Telescope Refracting Telescope Reflecting Telescope Reflecting Telescope Parallax Parallax Electromagnetic spectrum Electromagnetic spectrum Spectrograph Spectrograph Parsec Parsec Lunar Eclipse Lunar Eclipse Solar Eclipse Solar Eclipse Globular clusters Globular clusters Planetary nebulae Planetary nebulae

The apparent change in position of an object when you look at it from a different places The apparent change in position of an object when you look at it from a different places