WORDS DEALING WITH TIME

CHRON-  What does it mean?  WORD TOWER

CHRONOLOGY  Made of two roots Chron- -ology-

CHRONICLE

SYNCHRONIZE

CHRONIC

CHRONOMETER

CHRONOCYCLEGRAPH

WHAT DAY IS IT? WHY?

MYTHOLOGY

THE BEGINNING  The Greeks named the days week after the sun, the moon and the five known planets, which were in turn named after the gods Ares, Hermes, Zeus, Aphrodite, and Cronus. The Greeks called the days of the week the Theon hemerai "days of the Gods".

THEN CAME THE ROMANS  The Romans substituted their equivalent gods for the Greek gods, Mars, Mercury, Jove (Jupiter), Venus, and Saturn. (The two pantheons are very similar.)

THE NORDIC (NORSE)

THE NORDIC  The Germanic peoples generally substituted roughly similar gods for the Roman gods, Tiu (Twia), Woden, Thor, Freya (Fria), but did not substitute Saturn.  days of the week in various languages *stop at end days of the week in various languages

SUNDAY  Sun’s Day Old English Sunnandæg  Sun god Apollo (Greek and Roman) in late Greek and Roman mythology. Some languages have changed this day to mean “Lord’s day” to better reflect their religions.

MONDAY  Moon’s Day Old English Mōnandæg This is likely based on a translation of the Latin name dies lunae (Spanish lunes.)

TUESDAY  Mars’ Day (Roman)  Mars (Ares=Greek): god of war, battle rage and initiation; son of Zeus/Hera  Norse: Tiw's-day Tiw (Tyr): god of battle and victory

WEDNESDAY  Mercury’s Day Old English Wōdnesdæg  Mercury (Hermes): god of commerce; Messenger of the gods; Trickster god; son of Zeus/Maia  Woden's-day Woden/Wotan (Odin): Father and ruler of the gods and mortals; god of war, learning, poetry and the dead.

THURSDAY  Jupiter’s Day Ger. Donnerstag  Jupiter Jove (Zeus): son of Kronos/Rhea; Supreme god, Lord of Heaven (Olympus) and mortals  Norse: Thor's-day Thor: god of thunder and sky, and good crops; son of Odin and Frigg.

FRIDAY  Venus’ Day Old English Frīgedæg  Venus (Aphrodite): goddess of sexual desire, love, beauty and procreation  Norse: Frigg's (Friia's)-day Frigg (Friia): wife of Odin; great mother of the gods; goddess of married love.

SATURDAY  Saturn’s Day Its original Anglo-Saxon rendering was Sæturnesdæg  Saturn (Kronos): god of fertility, agriculture, time; ruler of the Titans; father of first generation of Greek gods Saturn's-day.god

HOW ABOUT THE MONTHS?

HISTORY OF CALENDARS  Julian Calendar: 45 B.C.  Gregorian Calendar: (also known as Western or Christian) Signed by Pope Gregory XIII Feb 24, 1582 Many countries with Protestants or Eastern Othodox did not agree with the change Scotland adapts 1752 England adapts Some as late as 20 th century (Russia and Greece) Made adjustments of 11 minutes per year, changed number of leap years. AND changed the beginning of the year to more closely fit Christian calendar.

MARCH  Mars: Roman God of War.  March was the original beginning of the year and time for the resumption of war.

APRIL  Aphrodite: Greek goddess of love and beauty.  Also possibly related to the latin verb APERIRE “to open” as this is the month that buds open.

MAY  Maia : Goddess of spring

JUNE  Juno`s month  Juno is the goddess of marriage and well- being of women

JULY  Julius Caesar was born in this month.  He reformed the calendar system, and in the process named a month after himself.

AUGUST  Augustus Caesar:  Great-nephew of Julius  Named this month after himself when he was completing and clarifying Julius Ceasar’s calendar. It is said that many good things happened to him this month, so he named it after himself.

SEPTEMBER  From SEPT = SEVEN

OCTOBER  From OCT = EIGHT

NOVEMBER  From NOV=NINE

DECEMBER  From DEC = TEN

JANUARY  Janus: Roman God of Beginning and Endings

FEBRUARY  Februa= Feast of purification celebrated in Rome during this month.