How often and under what circumstances does wetland drying or thawing of permafrost cause a change in ecosystem state? How often and under what circumstances.

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Presentation transcript:

How often and under what circumstances does wetland drying or thawing of permafrost cause a change in ecosystem state? How often and under what circumstances does wetland drying or thawing of permafrost cause a change in ecosystem state?

Crossing the final ecological threshold in high Arctic ponds Smol and Douglas 2007 PNAS

Barber et al Climatic Change

Klein et al. Can. J. For. Res. 2005

Burn, C. R Permafrost and Periglac. Process.

Yoshikawa and Hinzman 2003 Permafrost and Periglac. Process.

Smith et al Science “Disappearing Arctic Lakes”

Riordan et al. JGR 2006

Yoshikawa et al.2002 JGR

15-June-1986 Image

16-June-2001 Image

1988 Burn

25-June-2001

28-June-2005

Consequences of a changing hydroclimate for organic-rich wetlands CZEN

Plant fixation and allocation Peat accumulation Climate Microbial metabolism

APEX Gradient sites Rich fen Black Spruce Willow/Bog Birch Tussock Grass Emergent

LoweredControlRaised du

NEE (mol m -2 s -1 ) PAR (mol m -2 s -1 ) Raised Control Lowered Light response curves

ET & plant responses to water table treatments

mol CH 4 m -2 min ControlLoweredRaised c cd d e a b warming Coupled carbon – water dynamics CH 4 flux sensitive to soil hydroclimate (Treat et al. in review) no warming

Annual organic matter storage (g organic matter m -2 yr -1 ) Time since permafrost degradation Turetsky et al. 2006

/204/94/295/196/86/287/188/78/279/1610/6 Permafrost Plateau Thermokarst Edges Thermokarst Wetlands mmol CH 4 m -2 hr -1 Methane Fluxes, 2003 *Each point is the mean ± one standard deviation of one to five measurements. Measurements on 3/25 were made in Measurements on 3/25 were made in Wickland et al., 2006

Flashier! Wetland ecohydrology can be surprising Vegetation -> peat properties -> hydrology