BELLWORK Continue this week’s bellwork on last week’s paper. Use pgs. 212-217. Explain the importance of each explorer: Dias De Gama Columbus Magellan Cortes THINKER: What was the purpose of slaves? How were they used in the “New World?”

Effects of the Exploration Era European rivalries Migration Increased trade networks Slave Trade Colombian Exchange

Effects of Exploration – European Rivalries 1,000 A.D. – The first European to reach the shores of America was Leif Eriksson. Eriksson was a Viking sailor and settled in Newfoundland for new fishing grounds. Other Europeans fought for gold and spices; especially Spain and Portugal.

Spain and Portugal: European Rivals SPAIN: Christopher Columbus PORTUGAL: Amerigo Vespucci

Spain and Portugal: European Rivals Both European powers fought for control over western ocean routes. Christopher Columbus charted his voyage to the New World in 1492, representing Spain. Amerigo Vespucci was on a Portuguese voyage in 1501 – his writings were distributed faster than Columbus, therefore having the world named after him.

“The houses of these Indians are the most beautiful I have ever seen and I swear that the closer I get to the mainland, the better they become. They’re like grand pavilions, like royal tents in an encampment without streets. One here, another there. They are well swept and quite clean inside, and the furnishings are arranged in good order. All are built of very beautiful palm prances. This land is so beautiful, I could go on praising it forever.” - Christopher Columbus - October 12, 1492 - Upon first arrival in the New World (Bahamas)

Effects of Exploration – European Rivalries Due to increased tension between rival countries, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, 1493 This treaty established the Line of Demarcation, which divided the world between Portugal and Spain Portugal controlled land East of the line & Spain had the West

European Control of the New World What did each of the European Powers want from the “New World?” Spain: America is a wealth base; not land to be developed. France: Canadian forests & fur England: Valued land ownership and saw opportunity in America.

Effects of Exploration - Migration Why do you think people migrated to the New World? Freedom to establish their own government Pursuit of economic freedom, particularly land ownership and private property. Freedom of religion

Effects of Exploration - Trade During the Renaissance, people relied on trade to get necessary goods. The trade went on all throughout Europe, into Asia and parts of Africa and North America. They traded all types of goods: weapons, jewelry, services, food, etc. There are four main types of trade: Good  Good Service  Service Good  Service Money  Service/Good

Slavery What is a slave? One human being is legally the property of another. A slave can be bought, sold, or traded As their master’s property, slaves cannot leave and must comply with all orders. Children of a slave mother, automatically become slaves

Slave Trade Enslavement and Transportation of Africans to the New World. Lasted from the 16th-19th century Most enslaved people were taken from Western and Central Africa. 1.2-2.4 million Africans died on their route to the New World. During the Slave Trade, 10-12 million slaves were transported to North America.

Cowrie Shells – used as money in the Slave Trade

Slave Trade Read the section “Slave Trade” on pg. 220-221 and answer the following questions in your notes: What was Triangular Trade? What was the Middle Passage? What were slaves traded for? Describe the conditions during the journey, as well as, their enslaved life.

Effects of Exploration - Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: Exchange of animals, plants, cultures, slaves, and diseases between the New World and the Old World. Started after the exploration of America Traded crops and livestock Diseases, especially smallpox, killed 50-90% of Native populations. First appearance of African slaves

Old World Native Plants Citrus, apple, banana, mango, rice, wheat, coffee, and onion.

New World Native Plants Corn, tomato, potato, vanilla, rubber, cocoa, and tobacco.

Smallpox

Closure Why were Portugal and Spain rivals during the Exploration Era? How did they negotiate peace? List three reasons Europeans migrated to the new world. What types of goods were traded during this period? Which goods were the most valuable? What is Triangular Trade? Describe the Colombian Exchange.

Unit 3 Review Crossword Unit 3 covered a lot of content….. Renaissance, Reformation & Exploration. To review over these important concepts, you are going to complete a review crossword puzzle. Use all unit 3 notes, handouts, textbook What you do not finish will be homework!