Dr. S. M. Condren Chapter 10 Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory.

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Presentation transcript:

Dr. S. M. Condren Chapter 10 Molecular Geometry and Chemical Bonding Theory

Dr. S. M. Condren What is the “shape” of the molecule? How are valence electrons in a molecule distributed among the orbitals? What are the shapes of these orbitals? What order are they occupied?

Dr. S. M. Condren Molecular Geometry VSEPR Theory Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory draw Lewis electron dot structure count the number of bonding electron pairs about central atom (double and triple bonds count as one pair for shape prediction) count the number of lone pairs of electrons match electron pair information to shapes

Dr. S. M. Condren

Shape: PCl 3 Lewis Electron Dot Structure :Cl  P : Cl: :Cl:.. 3 bond pairs 1 lone pair=>AB 3 E trigonal pyramidal shape

Dr. S. M. Condren Shape: IF 5 Lewis Electron Dot Structure.... : F : : F : : I : F : : F : :F : bonds pairs 1 lone pair=> AB 5 E Square pyramidal shaped

Dr. S. M. Condren Shape: IF 4 -1 Lewis Electron Dot Structure : F : : F : : I : F : : F :.. 4 bond pairs 2 lone pairs=> AB 4 E 2 square planar shape

Dr. S. M. Condren Shape: SO 3 Lewis Electron Dot Structure.. : O : S : : O : : O :.. 3 bond pairs 0 lone pairs=>AB 3 trigonal planar shape

Dr. S. M. Condren What would be expected to be the shape of chloroform, CHCl 3 ? “see-saw” square planar tetrahedral

Dr. S. M. Condren

Hybrid Orbitals

Dr. S. M. Condren

What would be the name of the hybrid orbitals created by joining 1s type, 3 p type and 2 d type orbitals? spd sp 3 d 2 s 3 p 2 d

Dr. S. M. Condren Bonding in Water

Dr. S. M. Condren Hydrogen Bonds

Dr. S. M. Condren Water, H 2 O, and methane, CH 4, have very similar molar masses yet the boiling point for water is approximately 200 o C higher than that for methane. The higher boiling point is due to: hydrogen bonding in water polarity of water molecules both of the above none of the above

Dr. S. M. Condren Carbon monoxide, CO and carbon dioxide, CO 2, are linear molecules. Which one is the polar molecule: CO CO 2

Dr. S. M. Condren Sigma Bond  Bond with the greatest electron density on a line connecting the atomic nuclei s-s typep-p types-p type s-sp 3 types-sp 2 type s-sp type p-sp 3 typep-sp 2 type p-sp type sp 3 - sp 3 typesp 2 -sp 2 typesp - sp type etc., including all combinations of s, p, d, and hybrid orbitals

Dr. S. M. Condren

Pi Bond  Bond with the greatest electron density above and below a line connecting the atomic nuclei p-p type

Dr. S. M. Condren Bonding in Ethylene

Dr. S. M. Condren Bonding in Acetylene

Dr. S. M. Condren Molecular Orbital Diagram

Dr. S. M. Condren Molecular Orbital Diagram

Dr. S. M. Condren Molecular Orbital Diagram

Dr. S. M. Condren Molecular Orbital Diagram NNN2N2

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