GV Activities in Brazil: Brazilian initiative towards the establishment of GPM-BR program Carlos A. Morales, Carlos Frederico Angelis, Luiz A. T. Machado,

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GV Activities in Brazil: Brazilian initiative towards the establishment of GPM-BR program Carlos A. Morales, Carlos Frederico Angelis, Luiz A. T. Machado, Roberto V. Calheiros, Reinaldo B. Silveira, Maria A. S. Dias, Eduardo Assad, Augusto Pereira, Raimundo N. F. Mussi

GPM-Brazil In October of 2004, The Space Agency of Brazil (AEB) creates the program with the participation of INPE, INMET, USP, IPMet/UNESP, and EMBRAPA; Annual budget for proposal submissions; In the first semester of 2005 the Federal Government of Brazil approves the PNAE with a recommendation for GPM mission.

The Brazilian government acknowledges the importance of the global precipitation monitoring and proposes the launch of a “Multi Sensor Platform” to measure precipitation along with the GPM program. Possible Satellite characteristics: Tropical Orbit Satellite; Microwave Imager similar to INDIAN MATRA sensor; WFI/CCD of CBERS satellite (lightning observations); Data reception and transmission to automatic weather stations;

Main Planned Actions Brazilian Ground Validation network; Rainfall Ground Validation; Development of ground receiver radiometers; Development of microwave radiative transfer code coupled with a NWP model that is operational in Brazil; Dissemination of GPM rainfall products;

Brazilian Ground Validation Network Operational radars in Brazil: 20 - Doppler S-Band 1 - S-Band 1 - Doppler C-Band 1 - Doppler X-Band Manufactures: 15 - EEC Radars 7 - TECTELCOM 1 - McGill Software: 17 Gamic; 2 IRIS; 1 EDGE; 1 EDGE; 1 McGill; 1 Univ. Paul Sabatier

Automatic weather stations transmitted to CPTEC-INPE

Radar Integration - I 1)Volumetric 240 km data are stored, every 15 minutes; 2)CAPPIs are transmitted to CPTEC to produce rainfall mosaics: 3)Rain gauges are stored at CPTEC Second Stage 4)Volumetric data will be transmitted to a database; 5)Radar re-processing; 6)Development of rainfall products; Scientific collaboration between INPE, USP, INMET, DEMET, IPMet/UNESP, TECSAT/UNIVAP allowed the integration of 9 weather radars.

Radar Integration - II Third Stage 7) Other radar institutes are being invited to integrate the network; 8) Volumetric data will also be stored in the main database; 9)Hourly adjusted rainfall fields: Radar + gauges + satellite rainfall estimation

Rainfall Ground Validation Rainfall characterization: - Rainfall PDF´s as a function of precipitating systems; - Mean drop size distribution as a function of precipitating systems; - Mean vertical hydrometeor distributions (aircraft measurements); Validation of Rainfall Estimates: - Retrieval of the bias, and analysis of the bias dependency (rainfall intensity, Cv/St, precipitating systems, and etc.)

Main Ground Validation Site Presidente Prudente Bauru Sao Roque Salesopolis Sao Jose dos Campos 4 - Disdrometers 20 Tipping buckets Radiometers: 7, 22, 31, 43, 92 GHz 1 - Disdrometer RadioSonde 56 Automatic weather stations in SP state Cloud microphysics aircraft Lightning Network USP/XPOL-2006

Ground Receiver Radiometers Collaboration with radio- astronomy groups for Rx development. portable 22 and 31 GHz was tested during the 2002-LBA field campaign; Working now on the new 92 GHz; Tests with the radiometers (7, 22, 31, 43, 92 GHz) in the radio-observatory of Atibaia will be carried out next austral summer Radiometer designed in Brazil (22-31 GHz)

Efforts of the Brazilian scientific community towards the ground validation

150 GHz on HSB Border

 7 GHz on HSB

GPROF X PR X Rain Gauges 4 months of data over the Amazon Region Rain Gauges PR-2A25 GPROF-2A12-V6

GPROF X PR Cv and St partitions

PR X Disdrometer TRMM Disdrometer

Horizontal Resolution dependency on Horizontal Gradients TRMM-PR Bauru Radar

Differences of Tb(85 GHz) x R relationships for precipitation systems size

Seasonal intercomparisons between GCM(RegCM) and 3A25-V6 over the continent in Southeastern Brazil DJF 10 o x10 o

Planned Field Campaigns BARCA 2006 – Amazon Region Radar and aircraft measurements; TroCCiBras 2008, (TROCCINOX/HIBISCUS), São Paulo State Radar and aircraft measurements;