OCSP

Solar thermal - MicroCSP 1 MicroCSP references solar thermal technologies in which concentrating solar power (CSP) collectors are based on the designs used in traditional Concentrating Solar Power systems found in the Mojave Desert but are smaller in collector size, lighter and operate at lower thermal temperatures usually below 315 °C (600 °F)

Solar thermal - MicroCSP 1 MicroCSP is used for community-sized power plants (1MW to 50MW), for industrial, agricultural and manufacturing 'process heat' applications, and when large amounts of hot water are needed, such as resort swimming pools, water parks, large laundry facilities, sterilization, distillation and other such uses.

OCSP stapling 1 'OCSP stapling', formally known as the TLS 'Certificate Status Request' extension, is an alternative approach to the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) for checking the revocation status of X.509 digital certificates. It allows the presenter of a certificate to bear the resource cost involved in providing OCSP responses, instead of the issuing certificate authority (CA).

OCSP stapling - Motivation 1 When the certificate is issued to a legitimate high traffic web site, for instance, this can result in enormous volumes of OCSP request traffic, all of which serves to indicate that the certificate is valid and can be trusted.

OCSP stapling - Motivation 1 OCSP checking also creates a privacy impairment, since it requires the client to contact a third party (the CA) to confirm certificate validity. A way to verify validity without disclosing browsing behavior would be desirable for some groups of users.

OCSP stapling - Solution 1 Also, an invalid stapled response (or no stapled response) will just cause the client to ask the OCSP server directly

OCSP stapling - Solution 1 As a result, clients continue to have verifiable assurance from the certificate authority that the certificate is presently valid (or was quite recently), but no longer need to individually contact the OCSP server. This means that the brunt of the resource burden is now placed back on the certificate holder. It also means that the client software no longer needs to disclose users' browsing habits to any third party.

OCSP stapling - Solution 1 Overall performance is also improved: When the client fetches the OCSP response directly from the CA, it usually involves the lookup of the domain name of the CA's OCSP server in the DNS as well as establishing a connection to the OCSP server. When OCSP stapling is used, the certificate status information is delivered to the client through the established channel, which improves performance.

OCSP stapling - Specification 1 Hallam-Baker, [ hallambaker-muststaple-00 X.509v3 Extension: OCSP Stapling Required] TLS developer Adam Langley discussed the extension in an April 2014 article following the repair of the Heartbleed OpenSSL bug.A

OCSP stapling - Deployment 1 OCSP stapling has not seen broad deployment to date, however this is changing. The OpenSSL project included support in their 0.9.8g release with the assistance of a grant from the Mozilla Foundation.

OCSP stapling - Deployment 1 Apache HTTP Server supports OCSP stapling since version 2.3.3,[ d_ssl.html#sslusestapling Apache HTTP Server mod_ssl documentation - SSLUseStapling directive] the nginx web server since version 1.3.7,[ announce/2012/ html nginx-announce mailing list - nginx-1.3.7] LiteSpeed Web Server since version 4.2.4,[ eed-web-server/release-log Release Log - Litespeed Tech]

OCSP stapling - Deployment 1 On the browser side, OCSP stapling was implemented in Firefox 26[ 7/29/ocsp-stapling-in-firefox/ OCSP Stapling in Firefox], retrieved mozillawiki:CA:ImprovingRevocation#O CSP_Stapling|Improving Revocation - MozillaWiki, retrieved and in Internet Explorer since Windows Vista.

OCSP stapling - Limitations 1 However, OCSP stapling supports only one OCSP response at a time, which is insufficient for sites which use several different certificates for a single page.[ g.cgi?id=360420#c10 Mozilla NSS Bug ], Comment by Adam Langley[ bug.cgi?id= Mozilla NSS Bug Implement multiple OCSP stapling extension]

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