Chapter Goals: Do the amounts of energy produced by chemical and nuclear reactions differ dramatically? What are the similarities and differences between chemical and nuclear reactions? How do the microscopic particles that make up a star determine its macroscopic properties? What role do physical properties play in the nature of stars? Are the principles that govern the material world on earth different than the principles that govern stars?

What does it mean to balance a chemical equation? Why do we need to balance chemical equations?

Now, finish the worksheet on your own…

Update TOC: CHAPTER FIVE: “Star Material”

Is the energy produced by hydrogen combustion responsible for powering the Sun? com·bus·tion [ k ə m búsch ə n ] 1.ignition: the burning of fuel in an engine to provide power 2.chemical reaction: a chemical process in which a substance reacts vigorously with oxygen to produce heat and light, seen as a flame 3.extreme agitation: a state of extreme discontent and agitation Synonyms: ignition, fire, burning, incinerationignitionfireburning

Look at Figure 5.1 on page 204. Candles and stars both consume fuel. Is the fuel source of the sun the same as the candle? Will the fuel of the candle run out? Will the fuel of the sun run out? Do the reactions that fuel the sun share any characteristics with the candle? What about differences? Are they the same reactions?

Read the introduction on page 204 – 205. Recall from the matter is marvelous unit: Chemical reactions make products with physical and chemical properties that are different from the reactants. Reactions follow the law of conservation of matter Combustion breaks the covalent bonds between carbon atoms in paraffin and forms new covalent bonds in molecules of carbon dioxide. The heat energy that is produced results from reactant bonds that are pulled apart and that form new product bonds. What is another example of energy being stored in bonds, and releasing the energy when the bonds are broken?

Volumes of gas interact and combine to form products. The box represents a certain volume of gas. The spheres represent individual gas particles. Answer 1 a-e on pg. 206.

Hydrogen Gas Barking Test Tube 2. How do you represent the combustion of hydrogen as an equation? (Or you can use a particle model sketch). 3. What do you think will happen when you place a burning match under a test tube filled with oxygen gas and hydrogen gas?

You just saw someone add flame to hydrogen gas in the test tube, and it “popped” or exploded. What caused the “popping”? Hydrogen Filled Balloon + a Flame How does the amount of energy released by hydrogen combustion compare with a candle burning? Methane burning? Read “Surprising Amounts of Energy” p Answer Reflect & Connect #1 p. 208

Remember, we will be linking this back to the stars over the few weeks!!!

Hindenburg Silent Film Hydrogen Filled Balloon + a Flame Steam

The Hindenburg disaster took place on Thursday, May 6, 1937, as the German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at the Lakehurst Naval Air Station, in New Jersey. Of the 97 people on board, (36 passengers, 61 crew), there were 35 fatalities, including one death among the ground crew. The actual cause of the fire remains unknown, although a variety of hypotheses have been put forward for both the cause of ignition and the initial fuel for the ensuing fire. The incident shattered public confidence in the giant, passenger-carrying rigid airship and marked the end of the airship era.