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200 $400 400 $600 $800 800 $200 $1000 Classification HR diagram Star clusters Terms Life cycle Black holes Life Cycles 2 $200 200 $400 400 $600 $800 800 $1000 Jeopardy round

The star's color index is a quick way of determining its $200 Temperature The star's color index is a quick way of determining its Single Jeopardy – Category 1

The most famous G type star is: $400 Sun The most famous G type star is: Single Jeopardy – Category 1

$600 Planetary nebula An envelope that is ejected from a Red Giant star and spreads about the distance of our solar system would be called: Single Jeopardy – Category 1

$800 It’s mass What is the single most important characteristic in determining the course of a star's evolution? Single Jeopardy – Category 1

$1000 Type G2 star, middle of HR diagram-average size and luminosity, end of life will be white dwarf, only known star to support a planet with life. Why is our star (the sun) frequently referred to as an “average” star? Compare the important physical characteristics of the Sun with the most common types of stars. Single Jeopardy – Category 1

On the HR Diagram, the sun lies where? $200 About the middle of the main sequence On the HR Diagram, the sun lies where? Single Jeopardy – Category 2

At the top right of the diagram $400 At the top right of the diagram Where on the H-R diagram, are red giants like Betelgeuse? Single Jeopardy – Category 2

On the HR diagram, white dwarfs are where? $600 In the lower left of the diagram On the HR diagram, white dwarfs are where? Single Jeopardy – Category 2

$800 White Dwarf Stars that have masses similar to the sun but sizes similar to Earth are:

$1000 Above and to the right of the main sequence. On an H-R diagram where would a protostar lie in comparison to the main sequence? Single Jeopardy – Category 2

Describe globular star clusters $200 The stars are in old age (Red Giants) and there are hundreds of thousands to millions of stars in a cluster. Describe globular star clusters Single Jeopardy – Category 3

The brightest stars of a young open cluster will be $400 Massive blue main sequence stars The brightest stars of a young open cluster will be Single Jeopardy – Category 3

In globular clusters the brightest stars will be $600 Red Giants In globular clusters the brightest stars will be Single Jeopardy – Category 3

Why are star clusters a great way for us to study star evolution? $800 Stars that are in clusters are of similar age, (also composition and distance) from Earth. Why are star clusters a great way for us to study star evolution? Single Jeopardy – Category 3

$1000 Collisions and physical interactions that can include mergers of object. What can occur in star clusters because of the number of stars that are close together. Single Jeopardy – Category 3

$200 Brown Dwarfs Objects which have contracted, but are too little mass to ignite nuclear reaction are called Single Jeopardy – Category 4

$400 Red Giant Stars that leave the main sequence because they run out of hydrogen in their cores and eventually become white dwarfs are: Single Jeopardy – Category 4

What is the force that keeps a main sequence star from blowing apart? $600 Gravitation What is the force that keeps a main sequence star from blowing apart? Single Jeopardy – Category 4

$800 Radiation pressure What is the force that keeps a main sequence star from collapsing on itself? Single Jeopardy – Category 3

Why can we say a star spends its life trying to maintain equilibrium? $1000 A star is only stable when the pull of gravity is equal to the pressure of radiation. (When balanced it is in hydrostatic equilibrium) Why can we say a star spends its life trying to maintain equilibrium? Single Jeopardy – Category 4

The igniting of nuclear fuel at 10 millionK $200 The igniting of nuclear fuel at 10 millionK What process marks the birth of a new star (protostar to an actual star) ? Single Jeopardy – Category 5

Why is it hard to study the life cycle of one star? $400 Stars live too long to be observed from birth to death Why is it hard to study the life cycle of one star? Single Jeopardy – Category 5

It fragments into smaller clouds that form into many stars $600 It fragments into smaller clouds that form into many stars How does an interstellar gas cloud first begin to form hundreds of stars Single Jeopardy – Category 5

$800 Once it is heated up enough, nuclear fusion ignites and radiation pressure stabilizes. Why does gravitational contraction halt in collapsing protostars? Single Jeopardy – Category 4

$1000 An interstellar cloud is disturbed and begins to gravitationally collapse, fragments,It heats up and spins faster. When the core temperature reaches 10 mill K, nuclear fusion begins (H into He). When outward pressure equals inward pressure the star enters the main sequence. Outline the process of star formation from interstellar cloud to main sequence Single Jeopardy – Category 5

A hypernova ends up as a $200 Black hole A “failed” supernova undergoes core collapse but instead of forming a neutron star like a Type II supernova it forms a black hole. Single Jeopardy – Category 6 A hypernova ends up as a

$400 More slowly As a spaceship nears an event horizon, a clock on the spaceship will go more quickly or more slowly? Single Jeopardy – Category 6

$600 We would continue to orbit in a period of one year because the black hole would have the same mass and therefore the same gravitational effect. If the sun were replaced by a one solar mass blackhole would Earth fall in right away or would we continue to orbit in a period of one year? Single Jeopardy – Category 6

Look for effects on nearby objects $800 Look for effects on nearby objects Single Jeopardy – Category 6 How are black holes identified (“seen”)?

$1000 2.8 km Event Horizon Math problem: Calculate the Scharzchild radius for the sun using the following: R=2GM/c2 M=1.9x1030 kg G=6.67x10-11 Nm2/kg2 C=3x108 m/sec Single Jeopardy – Category 6

$200 Shock waves from supernovae Star formation may be triggered by __________ which help gravity through compression of interstellar clouds to greater densities.

$400 T Tauri Strong winds develop during which phase of a protostar?

$600 When does the T Tauri star occur? When a protostar in about to become a main sequence star When does the T Tauri star occur?

$800 Why is the largest group of stars the main sequence stars? They are young enough to not have most of their hydrogen not fused into helium. They do not evolve off until helium is built up. Most of stars life time is spent as a main sequence star. Why is the largest group of stars the main sequence stars?

$1000 If <1.4 Solar masses will become a white dwarf (Red Giant throws off a planetary nebula) 1.4 to 3 solar masses becomes a neutron star from a Type II supernova explosion. Above 3 solar masses becomes a black hole What are three possible outcomes of stellar evolution? Which sized stars (in solar masses) on the Main Sequence are thought to become each of these?