Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Anatomy & Physiology SEVENTH EDITION Elaine N. Marieb Katja Hoehn PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, Bluegrass Technical and Community College C H A P T E R 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue P A R T A

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous System  master controlling and communicating system of the body  Functions:  _____________________________ – monitoring stimuli; info gathered  See a red traffic light  _____________________________ – interpretation of sensory input  “Red means stop”  _____________________________– response to stimuli  Foot goes on brake

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nervous System Figure 11.1

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Organization of the Nervous System  _____________________________(CNS)  Brain and spinal cord  Integration and command center  Interprets sensory input/dictates responses  _____________________________(PNS) - nerves  ______________nerves- carries impulses to/from spinal cord  ______________ nerves- carry impulses to and from the brain

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Two Functional Divisions  Sensory (afferent) division-“carry __________”  ____________________ afferent fibers – carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain  ____________________afferent fibers – transmit impulses from visceral organs to the brain  Motor (efferent) division- “carry _________”  Transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Motor Division: Two Main Parts  Somatic (___________________) nervous system  Conscious control of __________________ muscles  Autonomic (__________________) nervous system (ANS)  Regulates ______________ muscle, ________________ muscle, and glands  Divisions – sympathetic and parasympathetic

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Histology of Nerve Tissue  The two principal cell types of the nervous system are:  __________________________ – excitable cells that transmit electrical signals  __________________________ cells – cells that surround and wrap neurons

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neurons (Nerve Cells)  Structural units of the nervous system  Composed of a ________________________, ___________________, ____________________  Long-lived, ______________________________, and have a high metabolic rate  plasma membrane functions:  Electrical signaling  Cell-to-cell signaling during development PLAY InterActive Physiology ®: Nervous System I, Anatomy Review, page 4

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Neurons (Nerve Cells) Figure 11.4b

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Nerve Cell Body (Perikaryon or Soma)  Contains the ________________ and a nucleolus Two types of Processes (armlike extensions):  ______________________  Usually one unbranched axon per neuron  FUNCTION: Generate and transmit action potentials; Secrete neurotransmitters from the axonal terminals  _______________________  Short, tapering, and diffusely branched processes  They are the receptive, or input, regions of the neuron  Electrical signals are conveyed as graded potentials (not action potentials)

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Myelin Sheath  Whitish, fatty (protein-lipid), _________________ sheath around most long axons  It functions to:  _____________________ the axon  Electrically _______________________ fibers from one another  Increase the ______________________of nerve impulse transmission

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regions of the Brain and Spinal Cord  __________________________ matter – dense collections of myelinated fibers  __________________________ matter – mostly soma and unmyelinated fibers