Current Arc Hydro Functionality Dean Djokic, Esri Current Arc Hydro Functionality

What is Arc Hydro? Extension of geodatabase model for support of water resources applications (template data model) Originally just vector, but now raster as well Culmination of a three year process (1999-2002) led by D.R. Maidment through GIS in Water Resources Consortium (Arc Hydro book) Collection of generic tools for support of Arc Hydro geodatabase design and basic water resources functions Starting point for water resources database and application development

What Arc Hydro is Not! Data set (e.g. NHD, NHDPlus, HydroSheds, AusHydro, … ) BUT you can use these data in Arc Hydro Solution to a particular “program” problem (e.g. water allocation model, specific H&H modeling pre-/post-processing) BUT you can use Arc Hydro tools to support those programs E.g. water use analysis – Arc Hydro provides connectivity (surface and “structural”) and core time series data, and the computation is done in a “numerical engine”.

Arc Hydro Data Model

Basic Concepts Define core feature classes for water resources analyses Establish relationships between core feature classes Use geometric network for tying pieces together Mobilization of standard ArcGIS functionality Custom tools for some of the attribute management Custom tools for advanced “water resources” functionality

Drainage System Representations Basins – drainage areas for water resources management Watersheds – subdivision of land surface for a particular hydrologic purpose Catchments – subdivision of land surface into elementary drainage areas by physical rules Digital Elevation Model – land surface terrain grid cells

Watersheds of the Guadalupe Basin NWS forecast Watersheds (flooding) EPA TMDL Segments (water quality) TNRCC water availability points (water supply) Guadalupe HydroNetwork

Extending Arc Hydro Data Model

Extending Arc Hydro Data Model More application specific “stuff”

GeoRAS Data Model Concept Arc Hydro Data Model ArcGIS GeoDatabase Arc Hydro

Arc Hydro Channel Data Model

GeoRAS Data Model 2D Cross-sections (cut line) Most of the attributes associated with cut lines 3D Cross-sections (surface line) Just for 3D representation A number of “profile” lines Stream centerline Banks Flowpath lines A number of tables Manning’s N Node

GeoRAS Data Model Arc Hydro inheritance Departure from Arc Hydro HydroID Use of HydroID for relations between the 2D cross-section representation and its derivatives (XS2DID) Departure from Arc Hydro Additional feature classes – both of flowline (levees, side weirs, …) and hydrography (land use, ineffective flow areas, …) types TIN or GRID for surface definition Additional fields

GeoRAS Data Model - Schema

Arc Hydro Tools Overview Arc Hydro tools – selected topics Key concepts Global delineation – scaling issues Tools overview

Arc Hydro Tools Key Concepts

Key Concepts Transitions between the raster and vector worlds – integrated operations “Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement” Raster Network Vector Logical Schema Extended Network

Terrain Processing Start with the terrain model Identify drainage patterns Identify catchments

Network Generation Start with the drainage pattern Define hydro edges from drainage lines Generate junctions at confluences Build the geometric network

Connecting Catchments to Junctions Start with the catchments Identify drainage points Link drainage points to junctions

Extended (Hydrologic) Network Combination of hydro network and drainage areas connected through junctions. Allows tracing through network and selection on drainage areas

Node-Link Schematization (1) Start with the catchments Find centroids Continue with drainage lines Find confluences Connect nodes

Node-Link Schematization (2) Transition from geo representation to logical representation Support for various modeling efforts

Global Delineation (1) Deal with scalability issues related to DEM size (large areas/high resolution) Approach Combine raster analysis on individual areas (any size) that are manageable from DEM point of view, and network analysis between the individual areas Example – 10 HUC8 cataloging units

Global Delineation (2) Start with well defined database design structure Apply it independently to all DEM processing units HydroID does not have to be unique across GDBs

Global Delineation (3) Construct the extended network Some work involved for HUC 8 processing units

Global Delineation (4) Define the point Delineate local watershed Trace upstream Identify contributing catchements Merge shapes and store

Global Delineation (5) Currently area and few topographic characteristics are computed – other parameters of interest are being added Aggregation types – additive, min, max, special Potentially interesting issues Geometry size and complexity Speed in aggregation (preprocessing option)

Arc Hydro Tools Overview

Arc Hydro Tools Overview (1) A set of tools that “exercises” the Arc Hydro model Integral with standard ArcGIS functionality Key field (property) management. HydroID & related IDs Length/Area measures Core functions DEM-based watershed delineation Network generation Attribute and network tracing and summary operations

Arc Hydro Tools Overview (2) Distribution (version 1.3, 1.4, 2.0 beta) A toolbar with packaged menus and buttons A toolbox with selected functions Supporting documentation/help ArcGIS 8.3 and ArcGIS 9/9.1/9.2/9.3 versions, 2.0 version for ArcGIS 10

Walk-through Global delineation (accumulation of characteristics as well) Local delineation Trace on the network using standard network tracing techniques Trace using NextDownID Accumulate Schematization

Many Aspects of Arc Hydro Database design Marketing Tools Application “Standard” Development environment Saxe, John Godfrey, 1963, “The Blind Man and the elephant”, New York: Whittlesley House Elephant illustration ©2002 Jason Hunt www.naturalchild.org/jason

Applying Arc Hydro Extension of Arc Hydro data model for support of water resources applications Addition of features and feature classes Addition of functionality (tools) Various entities ESRI CRWR (SFWMD, SARA, WAM, …) Other (USGS, OMNR CA, SJRWMD, PBS&J, …)

Applying Arc Hydro Highlighted implementation

Arc Hydro Customization at SWFWMD (1) District Function Water supply Flood protection Water quality Natural systems

Arc Hydro Customization at SWFWMD (2) Arc Hydro data model extension GWIS (Geographic Watershed Information System) Modeling support (ICPR) Deranged terrain processing Management of pitted terrains Structures Hydraulic element points Hydraulic subelements Tools Arc Hydro geodatabase import Geoprocessing

Pitted Terrain Analysis Prescreen & Evaluate Sinks - Select Based on User Thresholds Delineate Catchments Draining into Selected Sinks (where “IsSink” = 1)

Surface Connectivity Drainage Points within Catchments HydroJunctions HydroEdges (Low Point of Basin or Low Point of Boundary) (Boundary Link Flowlines)

Field Acquisition of Hydraulic Features Arc Hydro

Hydraulic Element Points Same HydroCode assigned to Hydrojunction & Subelements (i.e. 302125_003) HydroJunction Subelement 2 Subelement 1 TR = Top of Road UIC = Upstream Invert of Culvert, GR = Natural Ground ERM = Elevation Reference Mark Arc Hydro

Hierarchy of Hydraulic Features HydroJunction / HydroEdge General Location & Type Sub Elements Hydraulic Structure Information Tables Hydraulic Element Points Specific Location (X, Y) & Elevation (Z) Arc Hydro

ID Assignment at Culvert Location HydraulicElementPoint PointType = UIC JunctionID = 7 SubElementID = 117 PointType = DIC SubElementID = 118 HydroJunction HydroID = 7 HydroID = 117 HydroID = 118 SubElement: Pipe_Barrel HydroID = 117 JunctionID = 7 HydroID = 118 Each Culvert (Barrel) is a Subelement with a Unique HydroID (117, 118) The HydroJunction represents the general location of the SubElements The SubElements are related to the HydroJunction through the JunctionID The SubElements are made up of HydraulicElementPoints (UIC, DIC, etc.) HydraulicElementPoints are related to the SubElements through the SubElementID Arc Hydro

Sub Element Tables Arc Hydro

Connect HydroJunction tool Hydraulic Element Points identify a culvert location User manually places HydroJunction (and snaps it to Drainage Boundary) Tool connects HydroJunction (and creates Structure Link)

Applying Arc Hydro Various implementations

River Hydraulics in ArcGIS 9 (HEC-GeoRAS) Work with HEC on developing GeoRAS solution for ArcGIS platform. Fully support RAS 4.0 spatial functionality New (improved) UI Additional spatial data input Levees, ineffective flow areas, … Terrain definition by TIN and GRID Multi-TIN/GRID terrain representation XML data I/O Released as HEC “product” Extension of Arc Hydro data model

River Hydrology (HEC-GeoHMS) Work with HEC on developing GeoHMS solution for ArcGIS platform. Fully support GeoHMS 1.1 functionality New (improved) UI Additional characteristics XML data I/O Will be released as HEC “product” Extension of Arc Hydro data model Status Beta completed In works: HMS 3 support (ModClark)

Map2Map (rainfall to floodplain) FLOODPLAIN MAP Flood map as output Model for flood flow Model for flood depth HMS Nexrad rainfall map as input

StreamStats (USGS) Implementation of USGS regression equations for flow computations at ungaged locations Web based application (and desktop) Status – many States completed, work on several others in progress Additional work contracted Full implementation in Arc Hydro – all new GIS functionality is rolled-into Arc Hydro ArcGIS Server implementation

So.Cal Fires Debris Flow Predictions Implement USGS debris flow prediction model within ArcGIS environment Peak flow Probability of occurrence Custom regression calculator Built on top of Arc Hydro and StreamStats functionality for watershed delineation and characterization Generalization of characteristics extraction Export to Excel New functionality rolled-into Arc Hydro

So.Cal Fires Debris Flow Predictions

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