States of Matter

2.1 Three States of Matter ________________- These are physical forms in which a substance can exist. Let’s use water as an example. Solid water is called _____. Liquid water is called __________. Gaseous water is called ___________________________. Particles of Matter Matter is made up of tiny particles called _______ and _________. These particles can only be seen with a very powerful microscope. Atoms and molecules are always ___________________________into each other.

Solids Solid- particles are packed _____________and can only ___________. All solids have a __________ shape and volume.

Two types of solids: Crystalline- These solids have an ________ arrangement of particles in a repeating pattern. Examples include _______________________________. Amorphous- These solids ___________have a special arrangement. Examples include _______________________________.

Liquids Liquid- particles are ____________, but they have enough room to _____________________________. Liquids have a ________ volume but they take the shape of the _________.

Liquids have several properties that make them unique. Surface tension- A force that acts on the particles at the _______________________. This causes some particles to form _______ drops like beads. Water has a _____ surface tension while rubbing alcohol has a ____ surface tension. Viscosity- ____________________. The stronger the attractions between the molecules, the ________________. Honey has a ______ viscosity. Water has a _____ viscosity.

Gas Gas- particles are far apart and move _____ _________. Gases do not have a ___________ shape or a ___________ volume. They fill the container.

2.2 Behavior of Gases Describing Gas Behavior Gases behave differently from ____________________. Gases have large amounts of _____________between molecules.

Temperature of Gases Temperature is a measure of how ______ the particles in an object are ____________. On a hot day, particles move _______ and hit the inside walls of a balloon _______. Thus, ________________ and pushing on the walls. On a cold day, particles have ___________. They do not push very hard on the walls of the balloon.

Volume Volume _______________________________________. Particles of a gas spread out so the volume of any gas depends on the ____________ that the gas is in.

Pressure Pressure is the amount of force ___________________ ______________. This is the ________________the particles of a gas hit the inside of their container. If you compare a basketball and a beach ball, you will notice the basketball is very _____. It has a greater __________. The beach ball has a much lower pressure.

Gas Behavior Laws Scientists found that temperature, pressure, and volume of a ____________. Changing one of the factors will _____________________________. ____________-Robert Boyle discovered if you have a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is __________ related to the pressure. If you increase the pressure, then you will ____________ the _________ by the same amount.

Gas Behavior Laws ____________-If you have a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas will be ________ related to the temperature. If the temperature ________, the volume will _______ by the same amount.

Gas Behavior Laws ____________-If you have a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume, the pressure of the gas will be ________ related to the temperature. If the temperature ________, the pressure will _______ by the same amount.

Gas Behavior Laws TemperaturePressureVolume Boyle _______________ ↑↓ ↓↑ Charles ↑ _______________ ↑ ↓ ↓ Guy - Lussac ↑↑ ______________ ↓↓

2.3 Changes in State Change of state- The change of a substance from one _____________________ ALL STATE CHANGES ARE __________________________. Particles of a substance _________________________depending on the state of the substance. Particles have different amounts of energy in different states. Solids - Liquids – Gases – YOU MUST __________________ENERGY TO CHANGE STATES.

Changes in State 1.Melting 2.Freezing 3.Vaporization (evaporation) 4. Condensation 5. Sublimation 6. Deposition

Melting: Solid to Liquid Melting- change in state from _______________. Adding energy to ice ____________ its temperature. As the temperature increases, the ______________________________. When a certain temperature is reached ( 0° C) the _______________ _________-The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. Melting point is a _________ property. Different substances have different ___________ points. Melting is endothermic- _________________________________ ______________

Freezing: Liquid to Solid Freezing- change in state from a ______________. Freezing point- The _____________ at which liquid changes into a solid. Freezing is the reverse of melting, so they occur at the same temperature. Any _______ is in the frozen state! Freezing is exothermic- ______________________ ______________________________________________.

Vaporization: Liquid to Gas Vaporization- change in state form a ______________. Vaporization can occur at the ________ of a liquid that is ________ the boiling point. Sweat will ________ off your skin and spilled water will _________ off a counter. Boiling- Change of a liquid to a vapor, or gas, _________ the liquid. This occurs when the ________ inside the bubbles equals the outside _________ on the bubbles. Boiling point- Boiling requires energy so it is _____________.

Vaporization Evaporation Boiling

Effects of Pressure on Boiling Point Water boils at 100ºC, but only at ________because of atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is caused by the ___________ ______ that make up the atmosphere. The ______ you go above sea level, the fewer air particles there are above you so atmospheric pressure is ________. In Denver, the mile high city, water boils at _________.

Condensation: Gas to Liquid Condensation- change of state from a __________. Condensation point- ___________ at which a substance goes from a gas to a liquid. Condensation is the reverse of _________, so they occur at the ______ temperature. For a gas to become a liquid, large numbers of particles must clump together. Energy must be removed - ______________

Sublimation: Solid to Gas Dry ice (carbon dioxide) changes directly from a ________________. Sublimation- The substance must gain a lot of energy for this to occur, therefore it is _______________.

Deposition: Gas to Solid Deposition: Frost changes directly from _____________________ Deposition is an _________________change because a lot energy must be removed.

Change in temperature vs. Change in state When substances gain or lose energy, the temperature will change or _______________________________. As the temperature rises, the particles ____________. Once the particles have ______________, the state will change. At this point the temperature will _____________until the state change is complete. Boiling water will remain at _________until it all evaporates.

Change in temperature vs. Change in state 00c00c c