PEDIATRIC NURSING Caring For Children and Their Families MODULE 1

What is Pediatric Nursing? Caring for children and families Promoting health and wellness through –Clinical practice –Education –Research –Advocacy

Special Competencies Medication dosage calculation Pediatric-specific skills Neonatal, infant and child resuscitation Play therapy Family-centered care Developmentally appropriate care and communication

Peds Nursing Issues Safety of culture and environment Access to healthcare Divorce, abuse, drug use- exposure in home Lack of prenatal care and appropriate screenings Violence and bullying in school

Injury and accidents Nutrition and obesity rates; eating disorders Peer pressure, drug and alcohol use Sexual activity and rates of STD and teen pregnancy Mental health Child abuse and neglect

Care Settings Acute care- hospital setting Critical care hospital unit Specialty clinics for children with special needs Public health department School Home health and hospice care Primary care facilities

Definition or Family Family is who they say they are Biological Legal Emotional Two or more persons Nuclear, alternative, adoptive, foster, and group

Growth and Development Growth vs Development Freud Erickson Paiget Kohlberg- moral (won’t focus on)

Communication Techniques Verbal Nonverbal Purpose??

Infant Toddlers Preschoolers School age Adolescent

Emotional Factors Separation anxiety Stranger anxiety Tantrums Depression Self image Insecurity

Safety/Accident Prevention Environmental Equipment Medication Anticipatory guidance Risk factors

Pain Management Nonpharmacologic Pharmacologic –Non-opioid –Opioid

Anatomic Differences Respiratory –Small, short, narrow airways –Obligatory nosebreathers

Skin –Larger body surface area –Increase fluid loss –Problems with temp regulation

Cardiac –Increased heart rate –Congenital anomalies –Decreased blood pressure –Increased oxygen demand –Increased metabolic demand

Renal –Kidneys less able to concentrate urine –Increased specific gravity –Small changes=big consequences –Differing lab values by age group –Small bladder capacity –Prevent UTI –1-2mL/kg/hr

GI –Feces changes based on diet and age –Dietary inclusions –Allergies –Congenital disorders

Neuro –Primitive reflexes –Replaced slowly with gross and fine motor movement

Hematology –Rapid heart rate and higher hematocrit increase oxygen delivery –Lab results vary by age group

Immune –Need acquired immunity in infancy –Immunizations –Immature immune system

Musculoskeletal –Spurts and lulls –Mastery of motor skills is influenced by environment and stimulation –Highly individualized

Endocrine –Inability to regulate blood glucose levels for first few years