Apr 17-22, NAOJ SOT optical performance Focus stability in orbit Y. Katsukawa (NAOJ) and SOT team

Apr 17-22, NAOJ2 OTA is designed to provide collimated beam into FPP in air, and provides a weakly converging beam (f  200m) in vacuum. Air-to- vacuum difference of the focus position of OTA and FPP are adjusted by initial setting of the “re-imaging lens” position. The 4 optical paths (BFI, NFI, SP, and CT) are designed to be kept in co-focal without any focus adjustment. SOT focus design

Apr 17-22, NAOJ3 Focus adjustment by the re-imaging lens Focus shift originating in OTA and FPP can be compensated by movement of the re-imaging lens along the optical axis during the mission operation. We plan to adjust the focus position occasionally to compensate seasonal variation. No need to adjust the position within one orbital cycle because orbital variation is supposed to be negligible. Mechanisms for the motion of the re-imaging lens have the specifications shown below. Reimaging lens M1 M2 Specifications Stroke range  25 mm Resolution0.17mm /step

Apr 17-22, NAOJ4 Focus shift in orbit Focus shift is caused by displacement of optical elements along the optical axis. The change of M1-M2 distance is most sensitive to the focus shift. Mechanical environmental (vibration and acoustic) tests showed no significant change in focus position. The thermal environment in orbit is very different from that on the ground. In order to predict the focus shift in orbit, we performed thermal-optical test of the telescope, and determined the defocus sensitivity for major components experimentally. Focus errors (including margins) are controlled by a focus error budget table. The focus position is confirmed to be well within adjustable range by the re- imaging lens for the mission period.

Apr 17-22, NAOJ5 Focus position in the first light phase After the telescope top-door is opened, the temperatures inside the telescope increase, and are settled within several hours. The telescope main structure is made of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic). The dehydration of CFRP makes M1-M2 distance smaller in vacuum. The speed of the shrinkage is temperature dependent. Focus pos (mm) Just after door opening Focus pos (mm) 1 month (?) later OTACFRP dehydration  (0.8 ) Temperature change-2.5 Initial offset (-2.3 ) (CLU air-vac. diff)(+4.7) FPPInitial offset00 (reimaging lens air-vac. diff) (+1.0) Total

Apr 17-22, NAOJ6 Focus shift by CFRP dehydration 1 month (?) laterJust after launch M1 M2 M1 M2 -8.3mm  -4.2mm  0mm

Apr 17-22, NAOJ7 Temperature dependence of CFRP dehydration 2 nd test on May 2004 OTA temperature was kept  20C during the test. Time (hour) A20 (lambda, DP) Time (hour) Cold modeHot mode 4 th test on Mar 2005 Focus position did not change during the cold mode. Time constant  400hrs

Apr 17-22, NAOJ8 Orbital variation by temperature ripple The temperature prediction in orbit tells that there is 1-2  C temperature ripple within one orbital cycle especially around M2. The focus shift within one orbital cycle is expected to be around 0.2mm at the re-imaging lens focus. This corresponds to one or two steps of the focus adjustment, and is within focal depth. M1-M2 sensitivity (  m/  C) Temperature ripple  T (  C) M2 support HDM spider Ring plate Top ring Upper truss Lower truss M1 support Focus pos at reimaging lens (mm) 0.22 Temperature and focus ripple within one orbital cycle (Only major components are shown in the table.)

Apr 17-22, NAOJ9 Focus change between DC and Limb obs. In limb observations, heat inputs to the telescope become smaller than those in DC obs. This makes the temperatures  C lower. This temperature change causes small focus shift, but the shift is expected to be about 0.1mm, and is negligible. M1-M2 sensitivity (  m/  C) Temperature (  BOL Disk centerLimb M2 support HDM spider Ring plate Top ring Upper truss Lower truss M1 support Focus pos at reimaging lens (mm) Temperature and focus change between DC and Limb obs. (Only major components are shown in the table.)

Apr 17-22, NAOJ10 Long-term focus shift Because of the contamination on the mirror surface, the temperature inside the telescope tends to increase gradually through the mission life. The temperature increase causes gradual focus shift, and will be compensated by the re-imaging lens. M1-M2 sensitivity (  m/  C) Temperature (  DC obs. Beginning of life End of life M2 support HDM spider Ring plate Top ring Upper truss Lower truss M1 support Focus pos at reimaging lens (mm) Temperature and focus change through the mission life (Only major components are shown in the table.)

Apr 17-22, NAOJ11 Summary The orbital and DC-Limb variation are expected to be 1-2 steps of the focus adjustment, and well within focal depth. We should verify orbital and DC-Limb variation in the first light phase. The seasonal and long-term focus shift will be compensated by occasional adjustment of the re- imaging lens position.