SE Asia Made out of peninsulas & islands

SE Asia Peninsulas – Indochina Peninsula Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam – Malay Peninsula Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore

SE Asia~mainland Rivers – Deltas used for farming and major cities located there Mekong River-Thailand & Vietnam Red River- Vietnam Salween-Myanmar Irrawaddy-Myanmar Mountains – Run throughout SE Asia- runs north & south Bilauktaug Range Annamese Cordillera

SE Asia~ Islands – Archipelagoes Philippines – 7,100 islands – Along good water ways (trade) – astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis

SE Asia~ Islands Archipelagoes  Indonesia  17,000 islands (6,000 inhabited)  Along major trade routes (Strait of Malacca= choke point)  occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires

SE Asia ~ Natural Resources Fertile Soil – Volcanic activity and flooding river Fishing – rivers & oceans Limited mineral resources

Oceania 20,000+ islands that form Oceania – Includes islands in the Pacific (NOT Indonesia, Philippines, other islands near mainland) Australia & New Zealand considered part of Oceania Three types of islands – High volcanic islands – Low coral islands – Continental island Fiji Tahiti

High (volcanic) Islands

Low (coral) Islands

Continental Islands Rock risen from continental shelves. NOT formed by volcanoes, BUT they may have a volcano on the island Islands have most significant mineral resources

Oceania~ Natural Resources Low islands= poor soil, lack minerals Scarce resources= difficult to develop industry

Island Regions in Oceania Islands are divided by both physical geography and culture. Micronesia= “tiny islands” Melanesia= “black islands” Polynesia= “many islands”

New Zealand Two main islands (North & South Islands) Southern Alps (on Southern Island) Resources – North Island= fertile soil good for farming and forests for lumber industry – Seaports (trade) – Rivers= hydro-electric power, – Volcanoes= underground steam which is used to power generators – Few mineral resources

Australia Smallest flattest continent Physical Geography – Western Australia- dry land (deserts) – Outback perceptual region Economy: mining industry, agriculture including cattle and sheep stations, and tourism. Ayers Rock – Eastern Australia- Major cities Darling & Murray Rivers Great Artisan Basin Great Dividing Range

Antarctica Fifth largest continent Ice: 2 miles thick & covers about 95% of continent Transantarctic Mts. – crosses the continent Polar Desert Tundra climate- areas never thaw! Its isolation is why it is important to researchers!

Interesting Stuff…. Great Barrier Reef Krakatoa - see page Krakatoa Tsunami Bikini Atoll – see page 700 Bikini Atoll