Two Models of Political Development  CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY  Government where the monarch is subject to the law and power is limited  England: Representative Body of the People vs. power of the king  Limiting the kings power  1215-Magna Carta  1300’s-Parliament  1640’s-Petition of Right  1690’s-English Bill of Rights  Major Conflict  English Civil War (Puritans)  Glorious Revolution  ABSOLUTE MONARCHY  Government where the monarch controls the government, the economy, and society  Divine Right to rule  Personal Rule

Louis XIVLouis XIV  History  France ruled by strong ministers  Richelieu and Mazarin  Created centralizing policies that provoked rebellions by the nobility (the Fronde)  Remember the relationship between the Huguenots and the nobility  Louis worried about heavy-handed practices  Centralized power while assuring local control and influence for the nobility

Louis XIVLouis XIV  Divine right to rule  Leader divinely appointed and answerable only to God  Louis’ tutor was Political theorist Bishop Jacques-Benign Bousset  Old testament rulers divinely appointed and answerable only to God  Medieval Church: only God could judge a Pope; extended this for the king  “L’etal, cést moi” (I am the State)—Louis XIV  The king still duty bound to reflect God’s will through his policies; not bound to nobles or Parlements (courts)  Representative of the State in foreign affairs  Not the father of his people; that was left to local nobility

Louis XIVLouis XIV  Personal Rule  Assumed control 1661  21 years old  Relationship with nobility  Directly managed political affairs  Councils  Parlements  Social Control  Versailles

Louis XIVLouis XIV  Foreign Policy: Early Wars  Securing French borders  War of Devolution  1667 Invasion of Flanders  1670 Secret Treaty of Dover  1672 Invasion of the Netherlands  1678, 1679 Peace of Nijmwegen

Louis XIVLouis XIV  Religious Policy  To secure political unity and stability  Suppression of Jansenists  Revocation of Edict of Nantes

Louis XIVLouis XIV  Later Wars  Nine Years War and the League of Augsburg  New World  War of Spanish Succession

Louis XIVLouis XIV  France after Louis XIV  Louis XV  Duke of Orleans  John Law  Mississippi Bubble  Renewal of Authority of Parlements