L’etat, c’est moi Development of French Absolutism

The Age of Absolutism Revolution politics What is absolutism? Kings claimed to rule by divine right: they were accountable to no one but God They controlled competing interest groups and regulated all religious sects Louis XIV was able to gain control over the nobility – historically poses a threat to the crown

How was absolutism different from the Medieval times? Medieval – European monarchies had temporary armies raised by feudal lords War was over soldiers returned to their jobs. Led to problems if the nobility withdrew support Absolute monarchs created permanent standing armies recruited, paid and trained by the state. L’etat, c’est moi! (I am the state)

Foundations of Absolutism in France How did France become absolutist under Louis XIV ‘s rule? He inherited rather than created absolutism How? Louis XIII – Secularism – Cardinal Richelieu – first loyalty was to the state Richelieu used his influence over Louis XIII to promote the French monarchy as the embodiment of the French state

How did Richelieu lay the basis for absolutism Challenged and alienated the nobility Divided the country into 32 districts each which had a royal attendant with extensive powers over justice, police and finances. Both Louis III and Richelieu died in 1643 and were succeeded by Jules Mazarin and Louis XIV Mazarin raised taxes and it led to civil war that went on for 12 years - Fronde The 12 year Fronde convinced Louis XIV that the only alternative to chaos and monarchy was absolute monarchy

The Reign of the Sun King Who was the Sun King and why was he known as that? Louis XIV ( ) Formed national pride Everything revolved around Louis XIV

Consolidating Power At age 23 Louis XIV centralized power He created a permanent army Hired Francois Le Tellier as secretary of war – created first modern army Why was it considered to be modern? Permanent, professional, well trained, and good administration Ambulance corps was designed to look after the wounded, uniforms, and weapons were standardized, promotion, discipline, rational system of recruitment

Louis XIV Centralized Government Three councils: Court of the State, the Court of Finances, and the Court of Disciplines – responsible for the administration of law By meeting with high government officials at least once a week Louis XIV was able to retain absolute control over the government. He asked them to stay at the palace of Versailles for part of the year.

Colbert’s Economic Reform Who Jean Baptiste Colbert – Comptroller general Mercantilism – a system which the government regulates economic activity based on the premise that international power is a product of its wealth He promoted the creation of domestic industries and discouraged imports of good. Why? Wanted to limit the export of money Created the powerful merchant marine which was crucial to France’s positive balance of trade.

Colbert Colonization of New France was encouraged The primary goal for Colbert’s domestic taxation policy was to provide more money for the royal treasury. He attempted to improve domestic trade by reducing internal tariffs.