The Cellular Level of Organization A. A. Generalized animal cell A. B. B. Plasma (cell) membrane B. 1. Membrane chemistry and anatomy 1. Membrane chemistry and anatomy a. Membrane lipids a. Membrane lipids b. Membrane proteins b. Membrane proteins 2. Membrane physiology 2. Membrane physiology a. Communication a. Communication b. Electrochemical gradient b. Electrochemical gradient c. Selective permeability c. Selective permeability C. C. Movement of materials across plasma membranes C. 1. Passive processes 1. Passive processes a. Simple diffusion a. Simple diffusion b. Osmosis b. Osmosis (1) Osmotic pressure (1) Osmotic pressure (2) Tonicity (2) Tonicity c. Filtration c. Filtration d. Facilitated diffusion d. Facilitated diffusion 2. Active processes 2. Active processes

Lecture 2-Cellular Level of Organization Cell- basic living, structural, and functional unit of the body

Generalized Animal Cell 1. plasma (cell) membrane 2. cytosol 3. organelles (pg of lecture notes and transcription/ translation) 4. inclusions

Plasma Membrane 1. fluid mosaic model 2. membrane lipids a. phospholipids (75%) a. phospholipids (75%) b. glycolipids (5%) b. glycolipids (5%) c. cholesterol (20%) c. cholesterol (20%) 3. membrane proteins a. integral proteins a. integral proteins b. peripheral proteins b. peripheral proteins

Protein Functions 1. channel (pore) 2. transporter (carrier)-facilitated transport 3. receptor 4. enzyme 5. cytoskeleton anchor 6. cell identity marker

Na+ and K+ Hormones and neurotrasmitters Voltage and Ligand gated MHC intestinal

Transport Carrier-Facilitated Transport Glucose and amino Acids

Cell Membrane Functions 1. communication 2. electrochemical gradient a. Na+ vs K+ a. Na+ vs K+ b. membrane potential b. membrane potential 3. selective permeability a. lipid solubility a. lipid solubility b. size b. size c. charge c. charge d. specific channels d. specific channels and transporters and transporters

Movement of Materials Across Plasma Membranes 1. passive processes a. simple diffusion a. simple diffusion b. Osmosis b. Osmosis c. filtration c. filtration d. facilitated diffusion d. facilitated diffusion 2. active processes a. primary active transport a. primary active transport b. secondary active transport b. secondary active transport c. endocytosis c. endocytosis d. exocytosis d. exocytosis

Simple Diffusion 1. kinetic energy 2. random mixing 3. concentration gradient 4. net diffusion 5. uniform concentration (equilibrium)

Osmosis 1. solute impermeability 2. movement of water 3. osmotic pressure 4. isotonic solution a. hypotonic vs b. hypertonic

Osmosis and Osmosis and Tonicity Swell and burst Crenate or lyse

Filtration Water and solutes move passively across a cell membrane due to gravity or hydrostatic (water pressure)

Facilitated Diffusion 1. requires transporters 2. regulated by 3 factors a. concentration gradient a. concentration gradient b. number of available b. number of available transporters transporters c. combination rate between transporter and solute c. combination rate between transporter and solute

Active Processes 1. expend energy 2. move low to high conc. 3. primary active transport a. transporters "pump" a. transporters "pump" b. Na+-K+ ATPase pump b. Na+-K+ ATPase pump

Other Active Processes 1. secondary active transport 2. exocytosis 3. endocytosis a. receptor-mediated a. receptor-mediated b. pinocytosis b. pinocytosis c. phagocytosis c. phagocytosis