The Physical Examination Cattle
The Clinical Examination Patient Data Patient Data History History Environment – verify information Environment – verify information General Inspection General Inspection Systematic Physical Examination Systematic Physical Examination Detailed Physical Examination Detailed Physical Examination
Single Animal VS. Herd
Environment
Nutrition/Diet
Facilities/Management
Neighbors
Clinical Examination cont. Differential Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Appropriate Lab tests Appropriate Lab tests Diagnosis Diagnosis Treatment Treatment Client Education Client Education
General Inspection Need light & space Need light & space STAND BACK - LOOK - DON”T TOUCH STAND BACK - LOOK - DON”T TOUCH Observe at rest and critically access Observe at rest and critically access
Inspection cont. General appearance & conformation General appearance & conformation Behavior Behavior Facial expression Facial expression Eye appearance Eye appearance Body condition Body condition Skin & hair coat Skin & hair coat Respiratory movements Respiratory movements Abdomen Abdomen Stance & Posture Stance & Posture Gait Gait
General Appearance VIEW ALL SIDES VIEW ALL SIDES Symmetry Symmetrymuscles/skeleton Shape Shape Size - appropriate for Size - appropriate forage/breed Compare abdomen & Compare abdomen &thorax – deviations from normal? – physiological vs. pathological
General cont. Conformation Conformation - breed variations Abnormalities: Abnormalities: – Head: “parrot mouth” – Limbs: “ base wide”, “winged” elbows, “post legged”, cow hocks, sickle hocks
Behaviour Temperament Temperament Voice Voice Vices (bad habit) Vices (bad habit) Facial expression Facial expression
Ingestive behaviour Prehension Prehension Mastication Mastication Swallowing Swallowing Regurgitation Regurgitation
Eliminative behaviour
Appearance of The Eye Appearance of eye Bright & shinny vs. dull & cloudy Bright & shinny vs. dull & cloudy Position Position Discharge Discharge 3rd eyelid 3rd eyelid
Body Condition Indicates past health, diet, management & production Relative to breed, age, Relative to breed, age, stage of pregnancy, Lactation. Be careful with wooly or Be careful with wooly or hairy animals – need to palpate! Compare to neighbors Compare to neighbors
Skin & Hair Coat Indicative of systemic vs. local dz. Indicative of systemic vs. local dz. Indicates previous health status Indicates previous health status
Respiratory Movements Rate Rate – Temperature, excitement, exercise Rhythm Rhythm Depth Depth – Shallow, deep Type Type Symmetrical vs. asymmetrical movements Symmetrical vs. asymmetrical movements
Abdomen Size – Increased – Decreased Shape Shape – Unilateral – Bilateral
Abdominal pings Location Location Size Size Intensity Intensity Persistency Persistency
Stance & Posture Arched back Arched back Saw-horse Saw-horse Sternal Sternal Star gazing Star gazing Shifting weight Shifting weight Head & neck extended Head & neck extended Leaning back Leaning back Forelimbs wide apart Forelimbs wide apart
Gait Any abnormalities Any abnormalities Musculoskeletal system Musculoskeletal system Neurological system Neurological system