LINKAGE BETWEEN POPULATION AND AGRICULTURE CENSUSES by : MERCEDITA E. TIA

2 HISTORY OF POPULATION AND AGRICULTURE CENSUSES Source: – first official census of population under the Spanish government 1888 & 1898 – succeeding censuses 1903 – undertaken by the American government – included the Census of Agriculture as a module 1918 – conducted by an all-Filipino crew 1939 – under the Commonwealth government 1948 – by the Republic of the Philippines

3 HISTORY OF POPULATION AND AGRICULTURE CENSUSES Source: regular conduct of Census of Agriculture every ten years 1971 – Census of Fisheries was combined with the Census of Agriculture 2002 – conducted in March (CA) and September 2003 (CF) with 2002 as reference period

CENSUSES OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES 4.8 million agricultural farms covering 9.7 million hectares Agricultural land area is 32.2 percent of the country’s total land area Sampling scheme: Source: CAF2002 CAF 52% of total barangays28.3% of total barangays Estimates down to town level Estimates down to provincial level

CENSUSES OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES Shift from town (1991) to provincial (2002) estimates was due to high CVs at town level and smaller budget for the conduct of the CAF On the other hand, demand for town level estimates is increasing. Source:

6 CENSUS OF POPULATION AS A FRAME FOR CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE

7 FRAME DEVELOPMENT FOR THE 2002 CA Outdated and incomplete frame limit the development of an efficient sampling design Hence, reviewed of other sources was done Several sources were tried but each suffered from completeness and accuracy Source:

8 SAMPLING DESIGN OF 2002 CAF Information from 1991 CAF was used as basis for the development of sampling design By treating barangays as the cluster and taking all the households in the cluster as samples Barangays in each town were group in strata. Stratum 1 – largest total farm area in the town Stratum 2 – sample barangays in 1991 Stratum 3 – non-sample barangays in 1991 CAF Source:

9 SAMPLING DESIGN OF 2002 CAF Total farm area served as the ordering variable in Stratum 2 Number of households based on the 2000 Census of Population and Housing for Stratum 3 Average correlation coefficient of number of households and total farm area for selected provinces was Source:

CAF utilized 1981 CAF results as frame 1981 CAF had a separate listing of households for the frame of operators The listing provided a complete list of households engaged in the raising of crops, fruits and nuts and/or the raising of livestock and/or poultry and/or operation of pasture Source: FRAME USED IN THE PREVIOUS CAF

11 Source: FRAME USED IN THE PREVIOUS CAF Ten percent of small farms and 100 percent of large farms were selected from this frame Selection of samples took place right after the listing and was undertaken by the field staff Enumeration took place three months after the listing

CAF – the list generated from population census was utilized as frame in the agricultural census. The questions utilized to identify agricultural operators were: Is there any member of the household engaged in any agricultural activity? What is the name of operator? What is the area of the farm and number of animals (livestock/poultry)? The actual conduct of agricultural census was undertaken a year after the population census. FRAME USED IN THE PREVIOUS CAF Source:

13 FRAME USED IN THE PREVIOUS CAF Problems observed in the process: Problem on accuracy of the listing Too many questions utilized in the listing which make it more burdensome for the data collectors The time lag of one year after the listing is affected by population migration and shift of involvement of operators to other activities outside agriculture Source:

14 Source: POPULATION CENSUS FOR 2012 CAF Population census is the best tool in establishing a frame for agricultural census for it covers a complete enumeration of the households. Particularly applicable to countries where a separate listing operation would need more resources when the available is limited

15 Source: POPULATION CENSUS FOR 2012 CAF AdvantagesDisadvantagesRemarks/ Recommendations Lesser budget requirement in the conduct of CAF since only the sample operators will be visited during the agriculture census It is easier to request the budget for population census than for the census of agriculture

16 Source: POPULATION CENSUS FOR 2012 CAF DisadvantagesRemarks/ Recommendations Population census will be loaded with the addition of agriculture census questions Simplify the question on agriculture to be incorporated in the population census -to lighten the burden of the data collectors - minimize confusion on the concept. -revise 1970 CAF question to: Did any member of this household raise crop, fruit trees, livestock, mushroom, honey-bees, etc. or perform other agricultural activity anytime from ____ to _______ period?

POPULATION CENSUS FOR 2012 CAF Advan- tages DisadvantagesRemarks/ Recommendation Long period of time lag between population census and agriculture census is influenced by population migration and shift of economic activities Schedule the conduct of agricultural census in a shorter span after the population census to: -avoid problem on population migration and shifting of economic activities -avert the problem on funding the two censuses in the same year -solve the problem on the lack of technical manpower of the department or office Source:

18 Linking Population Data with Agricultural Data Source: Can provide a wide range of analyses about the characteristics of the households engaged in agriculture Offers understanding how poverty is connected with agriculture Involvement in agriculture can be related to education, housing characteristics and other socio- economic characteristics which can be used to address food security, poverty and other concerns

19 Conclusion While there are some problems observed in the linkage of population and agriculture and censuses in the past, re-thinking their link is a welcome move Problems and experiences will serve as guide to improve and develop a methodology that would maximize the benefits offered by this process. Population census as a frame is helpful to agriculture census and also to agriculture surveys Source:

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