READING OBJECTIVE #1 Word Meaning

3 types of skills 1. Unfamiliar and uncommon words and phrases 2. Words with multiple meanings 3. Figurative expressions

Skill #1: Unfamiliar and uncommon words and phrases

What do you do when you are reading and run into a word you don’t know?

There is no dictionary and there is no assistance….what do I do?  Use context clues words or sentences surrounding the mystery word that assist you in determining its meaning

Chapter One: Vocabulary in Context Context clues help you figure out the meanings of unfamiliar words in your reading. There are four common types of context clues: 1.Examples 2. Synonyms 3. Antonyms 4. General Sense of the Sentence or Passage

1. Context Clues Guidelines  After the word –some clues directly follow the unfamiliar word.  Example: The trek, or journey, became more challenging as we approached the top of the mountain.

2. Context Clue Guideline  Authors often use punctuation clues to help the reader. Punctuation clues might include commas, dashes, or parentheses.  Example: In order to keep the dogs inside the yard, we built a parapet, a low wall or railing.

3. Context Clue Guideline  In the previous sentence.  Example: Everyone at the dinner table cleaned their plates and asked for seconds. As the guests left, they said the dinner was delectable.

4. Context Clue Guideline  In the next sentence  Example: Jake left the waitress a paltry tip. She forgot to give them glasses of water, brought out cold food, and never checked on them, so she deserved a small tip.

5. Context Clue Guideline  By asking yourself if the word sounds positive or negative.  Example: The evil queen cast a sinister glare at the elf when he asked her a question. (evil=negative)

6. Context Clue Guideline  By figuring out the word’s part of speech, such as a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb.  Example: He guzzled water rapidly after the race.  (Guzzled is a verb. He did something to the water.)

7. Context Clue Guideline  The context clue may be a synonym (words with almost the same meaning) or an antonym (words opposite in meaning) for the unfamiliar word.  Examples: Reducing cholesterol has a number of beneficial results. One positive outcome is reducing the risk of heart disease. (synonym clue)  I despise liver, but I adore steak. (antonym clue)

8. Context Clue Guideline  By using word structure, that is studying the unfamiliar word’s prefix, suffix, or root word and using the meanings to figure out the definition of the word. Example: I’m tired of his infantile behavior. When will he ever grow up? (note the word infant within the word)

9. Context Clue Guideline  By using your knowledge of the Spanish language and recognizing Latin root words. Example: He’s looking very pensive. I wonder what he’s up to? (Pensive, as in pensativo) Example: I have a serious dilemma. What should I do? (dilemma, as in dilema)

Skill #2: What is a Multiple Meaning word?  A word with more than one meaning.  Examples:  shape  fish  shot  top  fine  pay

cross Always make sure to check how the word is being used IN THE SELECTION!

HOW MANY MULTIPLE MEANING WORDS CAN YOU LIST?

example Which of the following best defines the word model as it is used in the last paragraph of the selection? A. an artist's subject B. a small copy of an object C. a plan to be imitated

Durkheim's rigorous research methods captured the attention of sociologists around the world, and were perhaps even more important to the future development of sociology than any specific research results could be. Within a short time, his specific approach to formulating and testing social theory became a model that guided the work of nearly all sociologists. This assured Emile Durkheim a lasting place as one of the key figures in the history of sociology. Always plug your choice into the paragraph to make sure in makes sense. A.an artist's subject B.a small copy of an object C.a plan to be imitated

WITH MULTIPLE MEANING WORDS, ALWAYS MAKE SURE TO CHECK HOW THE WORD IS BEING USED IN THE SELECTION! Always plug your choice into the paragraph to make sure in makes sense.

SKILL #3: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE Watch out! The author says one thing but means another! He’s as stubborn as a mule. She’s going to kill me if she finds out. Money talks. This backpack weighs a ton We walked forever.We walked forever. I’m starvingI’m starving

Example 1. In the selection, the writer uses the phrase the round-cheeked maiden to refer to: A.a cloud B.the wind C.a young woman D.the sun

Example 1. In the selection, the writer uses the phrase the round- cheeked maiden to refer to: A. a cloud B. the wind C. a young woman D. the sun The fiery ball sank lower and lower in the sky. For a moment, it was a strange, round cheeked maiden with brilliant curly locks blowing out behind her in the wind. She floated, suspended above the rippled carpet of clouds, then silently slipped from sight. Always plug your choice into the paragraph to make sure in makes sense.

Remember to check all of your word meaning answers….  By replacing the unfamiliar word with a “prediction” word to see if it fits or makes sense. “Try it on”  Example: He acted like a buffoon at the party by telling jokes and laughing too loudly and too often. (prediction word: fool)