Periodic Table of the Elements yCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Dimitri Mendeleev, the father of The Periodic Table of the Elements. o Made cards of the elements and then began placing them in logical orders. yCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 The table puts elements into groups with similar characteristics. yCopyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

 Alkali Metals  Alkaline Earth Metals  Transition Metals  Halogens  Noble Gases

 Period=Row  Families/Groups=Columns ◦ Elements in the same family has the SAME # of valence electrons

 Atomic Radius is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost orbital yIncreases to the LEFT and DOWN

 Why larger going down? ◦ Higher energy levels have larger orbitals  Why smaller to the right? ◦ Increased nuclear charge

 Which atom has the larger radius? yBe orBa yCa orBr Ba Ca

 Ionization Energy- the energy required to remove 1 electron from the parent atom  Why opposite of atomic radius? ◦ In small atoms, e - are close to the nucleus where the attraction is stronger

 First Ionization Energy yIncreases UP and to the RIGHT

 Which atom has the higher 1st I.E.? yNorBi yBa orNe N Ne

 Melting/Boiling Point – the temperature at which a substance changes states yHighest in the middle of a period.

 Which atom has the higher melting/boiling point? yLiorC yCrorKr C Cr

 The distance between the center of the nucleus and the outer edge of the ion Cations/Metals -lose elections, so they have a positive charge -small Atoms -neutrally charged elements -medium Anions/Nonmetals -gain electrons, so they have a negative charge -large

* The measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons when it is combined with another element o Increases from left to right (except for noble gases) due to increased nuclear charge o Increases as you move up a group due to the shorter distance between the nucleus and valence electrons. o Increases UP and to the RIGHT

 Which particle has the largest electronegativity? ySorP yAlorGa S Al