BeeSpace: An Interactive Environment for Analyzing Nature and Nurture in Societal Roles Bruce Schatz Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Third Annual Project Workshop IGB, Urbana IL May 21, 2007

BeeSpace Workshop Schedule Introductory Lectures (Bevier Auditorium), 9-12 Informatics, Biology, Education Faculty Investigators across Campus Working Sessions (IGB Training Rooms), 1-5 System Demo, Biology Usage, User Support Staff Members within IGB Strategic Planning (IGB Conference Rooms),9-12 Project Members and Visitors

BeeSpace is… A Big Interdisciplinary Project A Big Interdisciplinary Project The First and the Biggest at IGB The First and the Biggest at IGB NSF FIBR $5M NSF FIBR $5M General Biotechnology (Dry Lab) General Biotechnology (Dry Lab) Interactive Environment for Functional Analysis (Bioinformatics) Interactive Environment for Functional Analysis (Bioinformatics) Important Science (Wet Lab) Important Science (Wet Lab) Model Dissection of Nature-Nurture (Genomics of Behavioral Plasticity) Model Dissection of Nature-Nurture (Genomics of Behavioral Plasticity)

BeeSpace FIBR Project BeeSpace project is NSF FIBR flagship Frontiers Integrative Biological Research, $5M for 5 years at University of Illinois Analyzing Nature and Nurture in Societal Roles using honey bee as model (Functional Analysis of Social Behavior) Genomic technologies in wet lab and dry lab Bee Bee [Biology] gene expressions Space Space [Informatics] concept navigations

Project Investigators Biology Gene Robinson, Integrative Biology (genomics) Susan Fahrbach, Biology at Wake Forest (anatomy) Sandra Rodriguez-Zas, Animal Sciences (data analysis) Informatics Bruce Schatz, Medical Information Science (systems) ChengXiang Zhai, Computer Science (text analysis) Chip Bruce, Library & Information Science (users ) Collaborators FlyBase, BeeBase, Bee Genome Community

BeeSpace Goals Analyze the relative contributions of Nature and Nurture in Societal Roles in Honey Bees Experimentally measure gene expression in the brain for important societal roles during normal behavior varying heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) Interactively annotate functions for differential expression using concept-based navigation of biological literature and gene –centered summarization analysis

for Social Beehavior

Complex Systems I Understanding Social Behavior Honey Bees have only 1 million neurons Yet… A Worker Bee exhibits Social Behavior! She forages when she is not hungry but the Hive is She fights when she is not threatened but the Hive is

for Functional Analysis

Complex Systems II Understanding Functional Analysis Integrating many sources to explain behavior Across organisms and functions Most of functional explanations are in text Text Mining and Gene Summarizing Intersecting Multiple Viewpoints to Discover Emergent Properties

Post-Genome Informatics Comparative Genomics to Classical Models Sequence-based gene annotation To standard classifications such as Gene Ontology Literature-based gene annotation To computed classifications via extracted concepts Descriptions in Literature MUST be used in future interactive environments for functional analysis!

Informatics: From Bases to Spaces data Bases support genome data e.g. FlyBase has sequences and maps Insect genes typically re-use Drosophila names. BeeBase (Christine Elsik, Texas A&M) Uses computed orthologs to annotate genes information Spaces support biological literature BeeSpace uses automatically generated conceptual relationships to navigate functions

System Architecture

Concept Navigation in BeeSpace

BeeSpace General Biotechnology Bioinformatics of Genes and Behavior Using scalable semantics technology Using General Expressions and Literatures Annotation Pipelines from Sequence and Text Creating and Merging multiple SPACES Where REGIONS are semantically created And useful regions become shared spaces

BeeSpace Community Collections Organism Honey Bee / Fruit Fly Song Bird / Soy Bean Behavior Social / Territorial Foraging / Nesting Development Behavioral Maturation Insect Development Insect Communication Structure Fly Genetics / Fly Biochemistry Fly Physiology / Insect Neurophysiology

Analysis Environment: Model Explicitly capture SCIENCE in SYSTEM! Wet Lab: Locate Candidate Genes Classify Differential Genes Dry Lab: Locate Candidate Texts Classify Differential Texts

Analysis Environment: Features SPACE is a Paradigm not a Metaphor! Point of View for YOUR Problem Externally: -Dynamically describe custom Region of Space -Merge Regions to form Hypothesis Space -Differentially express genes against Space

Analysis Environment: System Concepts and Genes are Universal Entities! Uniformly Represented Uniformly Manipulated Internally: -Extract and Index Concepts within Collections -Navigate Concepts within Documents -Follow Genes from Documents into Databases

CONCEPT SWITCHING “Concept” versus “Term” set of “semantically” equivalent terms Concept switching region to region (set to set) match term Semantic region Concept Space

BeeSpace Information Sources General for All Spaces: Scientific Literature -Medline, Biosis, Agricola, Agris, CAB Abstracts -partitioned by organisms and by functions Model Organisms -Gene Descriptions (FlyBase, WormBase, MGI, OMIM, TAIR, SCD) Special Sources for BeeSpace: -Natural History Books (Cornell Library, Harvard Press)

XSpace Information Sources Organize Genome Databases (XBase) Compute Gene Descriptions from Model Organisms Partition Scientific Literature for Organism X Compute XSpace using Semantic Indexing Boost the Functional Analysis from Special Sources Collecting Useful Data about Natural Histories e.g. PigSpace Leverage in USDA Databases

Towards the Interspace The Analysis Environment technology is GENERAL ! BirdSpace? BeeSpace? PigSpace? CowSpace? SoySpace? CornSpace? InsectSpace? PlantSpace? BioSpace? MedSpace?

Biology: The Model Organism Western Honey Bee, Apis mellifera A model for social behavior

Emergent Properties Complex Behavior from Simple Model Normal Behavior – honey bees live in the wild Controllable Heredity – Queens and Hormones Controllable Environment – hives can be modified Small size manageable with genomic technology Differential genes for normal behavior

Nature and Nurture both act on the genome HeredityEnvironment

Power of Social Evolution Agriculture (bee forager) Warfare (bee defender) Language (bee dancer) Humans do These, So do Social Insects We are performing Nature-Nurture dissection to locate candidate genes spanning these normal behaviors of honey bees

(Whitfield et al, 2002)

Experimental Status Genome Complete and Microarray Fabricated Bees collected for Societal Role experiments Initial Dissections complete on EST array On-going first Genome Array dissection Sequence Annotation Pipeline being used Literature Annotation Pipeline being tested Designing Meta-analysis Environment

Education: Scientific Inquiry Graduate New Research via Functional Analysis 5 early adopter labs, then 15 international labs Undergraduate New Bioinformatics Course using BeeSpace High School Integrate into Field Biology course at Uni High