Winter Annual and Summer Annual Fertilization Strategies T. Wade Green Twiggs County Extension April, 29, 2008 Basics of Forage Management.

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Presentation transcript:

Winter Annual and Summer Annual Fertilization Strategies T. Wade Green Twiggs County Extension April, 29, 2008 Basics of Forage Management

Thou Shalt Soil Test The #1 cause of poor stands at establishment – poor soil fertility or low soil pH.

The First Step It’s always better to make fertility recommendations based on a soil sample. Phosphorus and Potassium are simply “best guesses” without knowing actual soil levels. It doesn’t matter how much fertilizer you dump out there if the pH is 4.5 things are still gonna look terrible.

Winter Annual Forage Systems Overseeding Winter Annuals into Bermuda Ryegrass (Annual) Rye Oats Wheat Triticale Arrowleaf Clover Crimson Clover Red Clover

Fertilization requirements for winter annual grasses and legumes Grown Alone 1 P3P3 K4K4 Winter Annual At PlantingWinter Early SpringLowMedHigh LowMedHigh lbs N/acre lbs P 2 O 5 /acre lbs K 2 O/acre --- Grasses Ryegrass Rye Wheat Oats Triticale Clovers Arrowleaf Ball Berseem Crimson Grown as a single species. 3 Phoshorus. Low = soil test levels of 0-30 lbs/A (Coastal Plain) or 0-20 lbs/A (Piedmont); Medium = lbs/A (Coast) or lbs/A (Pied); High = 61+ lbs/A (Coast) or 41+ lbs/A (Pied). 4 K=Potassium. Low = soil test levels of 0-60 lbs/A (Coastal Plain) or lbs/A (Piedmont); Medium = lbs/A (Coast) or lbs/A (Pied); High = 151+ lbs/A (Coast) or 201+ lbs/A (Pied).

Fertilization requirements for winter annual grasses and legumes Grown in Mixture 2 P3P3 K4K4 Winter Annual At PlantingWinter Early SpringLowMedHigh LowMedHigh lbs N/acre lbs P 2 O 5 /acre lbs K 2 O/acre --- Grasses Ryegrass Rye Wheat Oats Triticale Clovers Arrowleaf Ball Berseem Crimson Grown as a single species. 2Nitrogen (N) is only needed in spring when winter annual grass mixtures include ryegrass. If annual clovers are mixed with annual grasses, apply lbs N/acre at planting and 50 lbs N/acre in late winter only if the stand contains less than 40-50% clover. 3 Phoshorus. Low = soil test levels of 0-30 lbs/A (Coastal Plain) or 0-20 lbs/A (Piedmont); Medium = lbs/A (Coast) or lbs/A (Pied); High = 61+ lbs/A (Coast) or 41+ lbs/A (Pied). 4 K=Potassium. Low = soil test levels of 0-60 lbs/A (Coastal Plain) or lbs/A (Piedmont); Medium = lbs/A (Coast) or lbs/A (Pied); High = 151+ lbs/A (Coast) or 201+ lbs/A (Pied).

Fertilization of Winter and Summer Annual Forages

Summer Annual Forage Systems Brown top Millet Pearl Millet Sorghum Sudan Hybrids Others???

Pearl Millet Pennisetum glaucum (others) Soil pH 6.0 (can tolerate lower pH) pounds nitrogen (N) per acre Grazing – 40 establishment & 50 lbs/month while grazing Hay or Silage - 40 plant., 60 lbs after establishment and 60 lbs/acre after each cutting Phosphorus (P 3 ) Potassium (K 4 ) Low Coast: 0-30 lbs/A Pied: 0-20 lbs/A Med Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A High Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A Low Coast: 0-60 lbs/A Pied: lbs/A Med Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A High Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A --- lbs P 2 O 5 /acre lbs K 2 O/acre *Increase Phosporus and Potassium 25% if more than one cutting anticipated

Sorghum Sudan Grass Soil pH 6.0 (not tolerant to acid soils) pounds nitrogen (N) per acre Grazing – 40 establishment & 50 lbs/month while grazing Hay or Silage - 40 plant., 60 lbs after establishment and 60 lbs/acre after each cutting Phosphorus (P 3 ) Potassium (K 4 ) Low Coast: 0-30 lbs/A Pied: 0-20 lbs/A Med Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A High Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A Low Coast: 0-60 lbs/A Pied: lbs/A Med Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A High Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A --- lbs P 2 O 5 /acre lbs K 2 O/acre *Increase Phosporus and Potassium 25% if more than one cutting anticipated

Browntop Millet Panicum ramosum Soil pH Lbs. N/acre Phosphorus (P 3 ) Potassium (K 4 ) Low Coast: 0-30 lbs/A Pied: 0-20 lbs/A Med Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A High Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A Low Coast: 0-60 lbs/A Pied: lbs/A Med Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A High Coast: lbs/A Pied: lbs/A --- lbs P 2 O 5 /acre lbs K 2 O/acre

Liebig's Law of the Minimum