Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory Chemical and Biological Impacts of Roadway Derived Contaminants Entering Stormwater Retention Systems S. Lev 1, R. Casey 1, E. Landa 2 and J. Snodgrass 1 1 Urban Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Towson University, Towson, MD 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division-National Research Program, Reston, VA
Roadway Derived Contaminants (trace metals) Stormwater Retention Basin Sediments Biota Soils Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory
Baltimore N Red Run watershed
Change in wetland landscape of Red Run Watershed: Study area
XXXXX Owings Mills Blvd. Monitoring Station Watershed scale transport and long term storage Transport Availability Storage Amphibian Bioassay Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory
Field Study –Characterize Cu and Zn speciation in stormwater runoff –Evaluate road dust as a potential source in runoff and retention pond sediments –Determine potential availability of metals in pond sediments –Determine storage of Cu and Zn in pond Laboratory Bioassay –Determine effects of aged tire debris and Zn 2+ on wood frog (Rana sylvatica) eggs and larvae Project Objectives Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory
Zn and Cu in Roadway Runoff Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory
16500 g Zn = 73.3 storms 225 g Zn storm storms can occur over a 3-4 year period Indicates a loss of Zn into surrounding environment 6000 g Cu = 140 storms 43 g Cu storm storms can occur over a 7-9 year period Indicates some loss of Cu to surrounding environment Fate of Zn and Cu in Retention Pond Lost from system Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory
Zn Accumulation in Tissues Hatching success was significant between clutches (P<0.0001) and moderately significant between treatments (P=0.0442) Significant differences in time to metamorphosis between treatments (P=0.0081). Tire and ZnCl2 were slower than soil, but were not significantly different from each other Accumulation in tissues was significant between treatments (P<0.0001) and all treatments were significantly different from each other Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory Wood Frog Bioassay
XXXXX Owings Mills Blvd. Monitoring Station Watershed scale transport and long term storage Transport Availability Storage Amphibian Bioassay Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory
Discharge (cfs) Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory Research Objectives - Evaluate metal storage in retention ponds - Assess dissolved and particulate bound metal transport out of the watershed Suspended Sediment (mg/L) natural Zn background (high flow) anthropogenic Zn dominated (low flow)
Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory
vary through out soil column roadway derived metals earthworm mixing and vertical transport soil weathering physical processes chemical processes Bioaccumulation ingestion Earthworm driven chemcial transformations excretion mortality abiotic processes abiotic transformations Earthworm driven transformations Earthworm Soil System digestion trophic transfer organic matter pH, soil moisture mineralogy Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory
Earthworm driven physical weathering Earthworm driven chemical weathering Total Zn (ppm) MgCl 2 extractable Zn (ppb) Control 1Control 2Worms 1Worms Roadway Dust Soil Zn-bearing dust particles
A B BA BA Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory section through earthworm in-situ Zn Cu -SR-XRF Line Scan gut burrow wall
Zn-enriched particles Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory gut burrow epidermis -SR-XRF Zn Elemental Map
Roadway Derived Contaminants (trace metals) Stormwater Retention Basin Sediments Biota Soils Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory
Funding Maryland Water Resource Research Center Patuxent Wildlife Research Center USGS NSF-DMR and NSF CHEM Towson University People Kathy Szlavecz (JHU) Tony Lanzirotti (BNL-NSLS) Kim Camponelli Judith Simon Whitney Carroll Amanda Shaw Stephanie Atueyi Liz Wright Casey Jackson Valerie Schmidt Rob Flora Jeff Klupt