© Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. GRAPHICAL MEDIA

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. “Graphics help to display and to clarify text. If you are a visual learner, your mind keys in on the graphics as much or more than it keys in on the text. Learning productivity increases by graphic display of a message. Graphics may be photographs, hand drawn artwork, computer drawn artwork, textures, scanned items, or any thing that is or can be digitized. Graphics must enhance the text.” Sprankle and Johnson Sprankle and Johnson

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. “Graphics can enhance your multimedia application by illustrating concepts and presenting information in uniquely effective ways. As part of a larger media mix, graphics can significantly enhance learning. In fact, some concepts are extremely difficult to teach without visuals. Some graphic images are real representations of actual objects, as in photographs, slides, and digitized images. Others are pictorial or diagrammatic representations of actual objects, which are often created by graphics artists.” (Fenrich, 1997, p. 138)

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. GRAPHICS FILE FORMATS

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Graphics Files   GIF & JPeG (PNG) (Internet)  BMP & WMF (Windows)  PIC & PCT (Mac)  TIF f, TGA, EPS(Universal). See table at the end of the chapter for additional formats. (Note: “animated” gifs will be covered when we discuss animation).. See table at the end of the chapter for additional formats. (Note: “animated” gifs will be covered when we discuss animation).

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Bitmapped (raster) Graphics vs. Object (vector) Graphics

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Bitmapped graphic Vector graphic Traditional drawing

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. GRAPHICS SOFTWARE

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Paint Draw vs.

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Graphics Software In my work with graphics software, I have performed these three basic functions: 1. Converting from one file format to another 2. Editing the contrast, brightness, and color or hue 3. Changing the content of the graphic* Note: These are not always found in a single software package.

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Paint (Windows) - editor and converter for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF,PCD, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA. Microsoft Photo Editor (pre-Office 2000 Pro) - editor and converter for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF,PCD, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA files. Lview Pro ( - editor and converter for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF, PPM, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA files. ( Paint Shop Pro ( - for numerous bitmapped formats such as: BMP, JPG, GIF, PPM, PCX, TIFF, DIB, and TGA files.( Free Graphics Software

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. $$$ Graphics Software Adobe Photoshop ($649) Adobe Illustrator ($499) Corel Draw ($379) Macromedia FreeHand ($399) Autodesk Maya ($1,999)

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Scanner Graphics Sources

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Digital Camera Scanner /Cell Phone Note: These devices can also be used for recording videos Note: These devices can also be used for recording videos Graphics Sources

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. EDC 601 Instructional Technologies Graphics Sources Digital Camera/Cell Scanner

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Video Capture Scanner Digital Camera/Cell Phone 160x120 22KB 320x KB 640x KB Note: This device can also be used for recording videos Note: This device can also be used for recording videos Graphics Sources

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Video Capture Scanner Digital Camera/Cell Phone 640x KB Graphics Sources

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Video Capture Scanner Digital Camera/Cell 640x KB Graphics Sources

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Created } “Borrowed” } Video Capture Screen Capture Photo CD’s Clip Art Internet Print Screen vs. Alt-Print Screen Print Screen vs. Alt-Print Screen Scanner Digital Camera/Cell “right-click” on graphic or drag-and-drop “right-click” on graphic or drag-and-drop Graphics Sources

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Color Additive Color light – RGB monitor Subtractive Color paint – CYMK printer Color Mixer Color Mixer

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. 1black & white line drawings 2 4 posters 4 16 sketches 8 (1 byte) 256 low-quality photographs 16 (2 bytes) 65,536 high-quality photographs 24 (3 bytes) 16,777,216 professional-quality photographs 32 (4 bytes) 4,294,967,296 ??? File Size Considerations # of bits # of colors uses Color depth (# of bits)

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. ColordepthColordepth Also see Figure 6.2 in the MM text. Also see Figure 6.2 in the MM text.

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. Early projectors were only capable of displaying 256 colors. 256 – a necessary evil??? This is the maximum color depth for GIFs (one of the main graphics Web file formats). Some users may have their screens set to 256 colors, even if their computers are capable of a greater color depth.

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. use an adaptive palette. Some solutions: 256 – a necessary evil???

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. use an adaptive palette. Some solutions: 256 – a necessary evil???

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. use an adaptive palette. Some solutions: 256 – a necessary evil???

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. use an adaptive palette. Some solutions: 256 – a necessary evil???

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. EDC 601 Instructional Technologies 256 – a necessary evil??? use dithering use an adaptive palette. Some solutions: Also see Figure 6.16 in the MM text. Also see Figure 6.16 in the MM text.

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. # of bits # of colors uses Color depth (# of bits) Image size (# of pixels) 1black & white line drawings 2 4 posters 4 16 sketches 8 (1 byte) 256 low-quality photographs 16 (2 bytes) 65,536 high-quality photographs 24 (3 bytes) 16,777,216 professional-quality photographs 32 (4 bytes) 4,294,967,296 ??? File Size Considerations

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D x 480 = 307,200 pixels 307,200 x 1 byte = 307,200 bytes 307,200 x 2 bytes = 614,400 bytes 307,200 x 3 bytes = 921,600 bytes Almost a meg of VRAM

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D x 600 = 480,000 pixels 480,000 x 1 byte = 480,000 bytes 480,000 x 2 bytes = 960,000 bytes 480,000 x 3 bytes = 1,440,000 bytes Almost a 1.5 meg of VRAM

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D x 1200 x 4 bytes = 7,680,000 bytes More than 7.5 meg of VRAM

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. What resolution and color depth do you use? 6 th Edition 640x480 2% 800x60044% 1024x76842% 1280x1024 4% 1152x864 3% Unknown 1% Screen Resolutions Reported in the MM Text 7th Edition 640x4800% 800x600 20% 1024x768 57% Higher 17% Unknown6%

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. # of bits # of colors uses Color depth Color depth (# of bits) Image size Image size (# of pixels) compressed vs. uncompressed 1black & white line drawings 2 4 posters 4 16 sketches 8 (1 byte) 256 low-quality photographs 16 (2 bytes) 65,536 high-quality photographs 24 (3 bytes) 16,777,216 professional-quality photographs 32 (4 bytes) 4,294,967,296 ??? File Size Considerations

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. pixel x - and and pixel y - pixels x & y - jpeg

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D.

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. bmpbmp 1096 x 777 x 3 = 2,495 KB

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. gifgif 568 KB

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. jpegjpeg 193 KB

EDC 601 Instructional Technologies © Anthony J. Nowakowski, Ph.D. bmpgifjpg