The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d This material (Comp2_Unit9d) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC

Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Learning Objectives Define and discern the differences between privacy, confidentiality, and security (Lecture a) Discuss the major methods for protecting privacy and confidentiality, including through the use of information technology (Lecture b) Describe and apply privacy, confidentiality, and security under the tenets of HIPAA Privacy Rule (Lecture c) Describe and apply privacy, confidentiality, and security under the tenets of the HIPAA Security Rule (Lecture d) 2 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

HIPAA Security Rule Readable overview in Security 101 for Covered Entities (CMS, 2007) Aligned with terminology of Privacy Rule Aims to minimize specificity to allow scalability, flexibility, and changes in technology For covered entities and business associates, rules are either –Required – must be implemented –Addressable – if reasonable and appropriate to implement As with HIPAA Privacy Rule, some modifications under HITECH 3 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

General Provisions Covered entities (and now, business associates) must –Ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic PHI that they create, receive, transmit, and maintain –Protect against reasonably anticipated threats and hazards to such information –Protect against reasonably anticipated uses or disclosures not permitted or required by Privacy Rule –Ensure compliance by work force HHS provides guidance on conducting risk assessments and helps determine whether something that is addressable should be addressed by the provider (2010) 4 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

Required Safeguards Grouped into three categories –Administrative – policies and procedures designed to prevent, detect, contain, and correct security violations –Physical – protecting facilities, equipment, and media –Technical – implementing technological policies and procedures Following slides from Security Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

Administrative Safeguards Security management process –Risk analysis (R) –Risk management (R) –Sanction policy (R) –Information system activity review (R) Assigned security responsibility (R) Workforce security –Authorization and/or supervision (A) –Workforce clearance procedure (A) –Termination procedures (A) Information access management –Isolating healthcare clearinghouse functions (R) –Access authorization (A) –Access establishment and modification (A) (R=required, A=addressable) 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

Administrative Safeguards (continued) Security awareness and training –Security reminders (A) –Protection from malicious software (A) –Log-in monitoring (A) –Password management (A) Security incident procedures – response and reporting (R) Contingency plan –Data back-up plan (R) –Disaster recovery plan (R) –Emergency mode operation plan (R) –Testing and revision procedures (A) –Application and data criticality analysis (A) Evaluation (R) Business association contracts and other arrangements (R) 7 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

Physical Safeguards Facility access controls –Contingency operations (A) –Facility security plan (A) –Access control and validation procedures (A) –Maintenance records (A) Workstation use (R) Workstation security (R) Device and media controls –Disposal (R) –Media re-use (R) –Accountability (A) –Data backup and storage (A) 8 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

Technical Safeguards Access control –Unique user identification (R) –Emergency access procedure (R) –Automatic logoff (A) –Encryption and decryption (A) Audit controls (R) Integrity – mechanism to authenticate electronic PHI (A) Person or entity authentication (R) Transmission security –Integrity controls (A) –Encryption (A) 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

Other Regulations Business associates are required to –Implement safeguards to protect covered entity’s PHI –Ensure its agents and subcontractors meet same standards –Report to covered entity any security incident Documentation of covered entity must –Be maintained for six years –Available to those responsible for implementing –Reviewed and updated periodically HITECH meaningful use criteria specify use of various encryption standards, e.g., AES, TLS, IPsec, SHA-2 10 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

In The End… Ongoing breaches of data are worsening, but –Complete security of all health information is impossible –Security is a trade-off with ease of use; a happy medium must be found –Will concerns be tempered when society sees more benefits of HIT? –Would other societal changes lessen the impact of this problem (e.g., changes in legal system, healthcare financing, etc.)? 11 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Summary – Lecture d HIPAA Security Rule aims to be actionable but flexible Rules are either required or addressable Rules fall into three categories of administrative, physical, and technical 12 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Summary Privacy is the right to keep information to one’s self Confidentiality is the right to keep information about one’s self from being disclosed to others Security in this context is the protection of sensitive health information There are many technologies to maintain security, but human vigilance is also required The HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules spell out the requirements for the United States 13 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d

Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security References – Lecture d References Anonymous. (2007). Security 101 for Covered Entities. Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Retrieved Jan 2012 from Anonymous. (2010). Guidance on Risk Analysis Requirements under the HIPAA Security Rule. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved Jan 2012 from Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 The Culture of Healthcare Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture d