Chapter 8 Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfVNnk8FHcU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg_UBLFUpYQ

Section 8.1 pages 172- 175 Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis Evidence: 1. So. America and Africa fit like “puzzle” pieces. 2. fossil reptile “mesosaurus” only found on S. America & Africa. 3.ancient rocks, minerals, mountains, glacial features 4. similar climate changes. 5. present day animal species have common ancestors (Darwin) Continents were once together and have moved / drifted apart to their current location over time. His hypothesis is was REJECTED. He couldn’t adequately explain HOW the continents had moved. Plate Tectonics Theory Includes Plates (Ocean and Continents) Proposes Forces to explain how the continents move! Evidence: 1. So. America and Africa fit like “puzzle” pieces. 2. fossil reptile “mesosaurus” only found on S. America & Africa. 3.ancient rocks, minerals, mountains, glacial features 4. similar climate changes. 5. present day animal species have common ancestors (Darwin) Continents were once together and have moved / drifted apart to their current location over time.

Chapter 8: What are the 7 major plates? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg_UBLFUpYQ How does the Theory of Plate Tectonics differ from the Continental Drift Hypothesis?

Ridge Push Magma rises (less dense) pushes up cools and solidifies. It exerts a force on the surrounding rock pushing it apart. More of a gravitational sliding than a true ridge push At what BOUNDARY TYPE does this occur?

Slab Pull The force GRAVITY on the the sinking edge of an oceanic plate pulls the rest of the plate into the asthenosphere. Forms a trench. Ocean floor is dragged into the mantle, melted and destroyed

Mantle Convection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_tectonics/p_convection2.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE

Review Time! You and a partner will being working on some questions together! Grab a whiteboard, marker, eraser and your notes!

Review of Theories for why Plates Move. Use the below terms to help you answer the questions: Ridge push Slab pull Mantle convection Which theory best explains sea-floor spreading? Which best explains convergent boundaries? Which explains both convergent and divergent boundaries? Which is the weakest of the models at explaining plate movement? Which idea(s) does this video clip support? Why? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncut0iTnOgI Start Video clip at 2:30 – it shows Mantle convection

Challenge 1 What 3 types of plate boundaries can be found? What 3 ways do Lithosphere plates move on the mantle at those boundaries? The plate edges (boundaries) are being _________toward, __________away or __________past each other. pushed convergent pulled divergent slide transform Which boundary causes earthquakes. Volcanoes or mountains?? http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=08

Challenge 2 Match the type of plate movement with the feature that it produces (some will have more than one answer): 1. Divergent a. Himalayan Mts. 2. Transform b. California earthquakes 3. Convergent c. Red Sea d. Volcanic Islands e. Mid-Atlantic Ridge f. Deep Sea Trench

San Andreas Fault in California is an example of this type of plate boundary. A. convergent B. divergent C. transform Transform (sliding)

Challenge 3 1. Where is new ocean floor being created? 2. Where is ocean floor being destroyed (recycled)? 3. Where is new land being added to continents? d. ridges b. trenches c. Continental slope a. Abyssal plain b. Trenches c. Continental slope d. Mid-ocean ridges

Challenge 4: Match that ocean feature! Under sea volcanoes. Flattest part of the ocean. Deepest places in the ocean. Shallow water at edge of a continent. Margin where earthquakes and volcanoes occur. Where the magma pushes up. 43,000 miles long! Where the continent ends. 5 7 6 3 1 2 4 8 Active margin Passive margin Ridge Rift valley Trench Seamount Abyssal plain Continental rise Continental shelf Continental slope

Oceanic Crust is the same as the continental crust: it has mountains, canyons, hills, valleys ridges, plains …

Where does the continent stop and the ocean floor begin?? The continental shelf and continental slope are attached to the continent, Where as the sediments of the continental rise sits on the ocean floor.

1. What kind of boundary is this? 2. Name the feature at point D. Challenge 5 1. What kind of boundary is this? 2. Name the feature at point D. Convergent O-C Trench Continental slope 3. Name the feature at point C 4. Is this an active or passive continental margin? Active

Final Challenge! 1. Name this landform. 2. What ocean hasn’t formed yet? 3. When did that ocean form? Pangaea Atlantic Ocean 180 Million Years ago

Maps! Grab your maps and finish anything that you need to (all questions on right and coloring must be done before testing tomorrow!)

5. The earth’s crust is thinnest in the __________. Magma pushes up from the rift valley forming ___________ rock. 7. This process continues at a rate of 2-10 cm/yr. and causes _____- ________ ____________. 8. This is occurring in the _____________ and on land such as the continent of ___________ where the Red Sea is forming. 9. At active margins where trenches form, the ____, cold ocean crust is being forced under the ______________ into the _________ where it is being melted and recycled.

8. What is being formed on the continent? 7. Name this boundary 8. What is being formed on the continent? Convergent: O-C Volcanic Mountain Chain

Name that feature! E C D H ________ A F B G ________

Name two pieces of evidence that Wegener used for his theory of Continental drift. 1. 2. Shape of continents Fossils Rocks Mountain ranges Similar minerals Plant species

+ Where are most of the earth’s earthquakes and volcanoes located? 3. What is it called? 4. Where is it located? + Ring of Fire Around the Pacific ocean plate

5. Earth’s polarity shows reversals throughout time at this location. 6. What type of boundary is this? Mid-ocean ridge divergent

Name the three theories to explain plate movement: 13. Which theory is most accepted? Ridge push Slab pull Mantle Convection

14 14. The Aleutian Islands in Alaska were formed by the ________ boundary of what two plates? (use page 712) North American Plate Pacific Plate

17. That Atlantic Ocean began forming about how many years ago? A. 20 million B. 50 million C. 180 million D. 280 million

23. Name this sea-floor structure. Mid- Atlantic ridge As you get farther form the mid-ocean ridge the rocks get… Hotter or colder? Younger or older? More or less dense?

As you get farther form the mid-ocean ridge the rocks get… 18. Hotter or colder? 19. Younger or older? 20. More or less dense?

plate boundary created the Himalayan Mountains? 24. What type of plate boundary created the Himalayan Mountains? Convergent Collision C-C

Name two process that have contributed to the growth of continents. 25. 26. Sea floor sediment Igneous rock River sediment terranes

29. Name this ocean basin rock: basalt 30. Is this rock igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic? igneous

31. Which (colors) rock is the oldest. 32 31. Which (colors) rock is the oldest? 32. What do you call the old, ancient continental rock? craton