To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. earth.msscience.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Standardized Test Practice Chapter Review Questions Chapter Summary

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions. Image Bank

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Ridges and Trenches

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables The Seafloor Make the following Foldable to help you identify the features of the seafloor.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise. Make the back edge about 1.25 cm longer than the front edge.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold in half, then fold in half again to make three folds.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Unfold and cut only the top layer along the three folds to make four tabs.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Label the tabs as shown.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables As you read the chapter, draw seafloor features on the front of the tabs and write information about them under the tabs. Find Main Ideas

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To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 Reviewing Main Ideas The continental shelf is a gently sloping part of the continent that extends into the oceans. The continental slope extends form the continental shelf to the ocean floor. The abyssal plain is a flat area of the ocean floor. The Seafloor

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 Reviewing Main Ideas Along mid-ocean ridges, new seafloor forms. Seafloor slips beneath another crustal plate at a trench. The Seafloor Petroleum, natural gas, and placer deposits are mined from continental shelves. Manganese nodules and other mineral deposits can be found in deep water.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 2 2 Reviewing Main Ideas Marine organisms are specially adapted to live in salt water. They produce or consume food, and reproduce in the oceans. Life in the Ocean Photosynthesis is the basis of most of the food chains in the ocean. Chemosynthesis is a process of making food using chemical energy. Energy is transferred through food webs.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 2 2 Reviewing Main Ideas Organisms that drift in ocean currents are called plankton. Nekton are marine organisms that swim. Benthos are plants and animals that live on or near the ocean floor. Life in the Ocean Ocean margin habitats, found along the continental shelf, include sandy beaches, rocky shores, estuaries, and coral reefs.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 Reviewing Main Ideas Sources of pollution include sewage, chemical pollution, oil spills, solid waste pollution, and sediment. Ocean Pollution Ocean pollution can disrupt food webs and threaten marine organisms. International treaties and U.S. laws have been made to help reduce ocean pollution.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 1 Flat seafloor areas are __________. A. abyssal plains B. continental shelves C. continental slopes D. seamounts

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is A. Abyssal plains range from 4000 m to 6000 m below the ocean surface.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 2 What are the long narrow depressions where one crustal plate sinks beneath another called? A. plain B. ridge C. slope D. trench

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. Most trenches are found in the Pacific Basin.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 3 Which of the following marine organisms uses photosynthesis to produce food? A. algae B. dolphin C. shrimp D. whale

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is A. Dolphins, shrimp and whales are consumers.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 4 What is the first link of a food chain? A. consumer B. copepod C. decomposer D. producer

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. Producers include plants, photosynthetic algae, and chemosynthetic bacteria.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 5 Marine organisms that drift with currents are called __________. A. benthos B. nekton C. plankton D. producers

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Answer The answer is C. Some plankton are producers, some are consumers.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 1 At what depth would you expect to find layers of sediment that have settled into flat areas? A. 200 m B m C m D. 10,000 m

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is C. These flat areas are called abyssal plains.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 2 A. 10% B. 23% C. 44% D. 77% What percentage of oil entering the oceans each year results from activities on land?

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is D. This is the combined total of the percentages from runoff and airborne emissions.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 3 Based on the data in the table on the next slide, which of these seafloor structures is located 150 km from shore?

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Distance from shore (km) Depth to Ocean Floor (m) ,500 1,0004,500 2,0005,500 2,5005,800 3,0004,075 4,0003,700 4,5003,000 4,7502,500 5,0001,800 5, ,1500 A. abyssal plain B. continental shelf C. continental slope D. oceanic trench

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. The continental shelf is located near the coast at depths up to 350 m.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 4 According to the table on the next slide, at what distance form shore is there a volcanic island?

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Distance from shore (km) Depth to Ocean Floor (m) ,500 1,0004,500 2,0005,500 2,5005,800 3,0004,075 4,0003,700 4,5003,000 4,7502,500 5,0001,800 5, ,1500 A. 1,000 km B. 2,500 km C. 4,750 km D. 5,150 km

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is D. At 5,150 km the depth to the ocean floor is zero which indicates that there is land present.

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Question 5 Which mineral resource is most widely distributed in Earth’s oceans? A. diamonds B. gold C. manganese nodules D. tin

To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is C. There are large areas of the oceans containing manganese nodules.

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