United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Haoyi Chen Social and Housing Statistics Section United Nations Statistics Division Integrating a Gender Perspective into Statistics

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Outline Overview –Integrating a gender perspective into official statistics What are gender statistics? How are gender statistics produced? Plan for developing gender statistics –Results of the Global Survey on National Programmes on Gender Statistics

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Gender statistics are defined as statistics that adequately reflect differences and inequalities in the situation of women and men in all areas of life ( UN World’s Women 2005). What are gender statistics? Gender statistics = 2 Data are reflecting gender issues; 3 Data are based on concepts and definitions that adequately reflect the diversity of women and men and capture all aspects of their lives; 4 Data collection methods take into account stereotypes and social and cultural factors that may induce gender biases. 1 Data are collected and presented disaggregated by sex; + + +

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Gender issues - examples Do girls and boys have equal access to basic education? Do women and men have the equal access to labour market? Do women and men spend the same amount of time in caring for children? Do households spend the same amount of income for girls’ and boys’ education, health and nutrition? Are women underrepresented in parliament? Are men at higher risk than women for accidental deaths? How wide-spread is physical and sexual violence against women?

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Concepts and definitions that capture gender differences

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Data collection with gender bias

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Confusion between “sex” and “gender” still persists among producers and users of statistics. “Sex” refers to biological differences “Gender” refers to socially constructed differences in attributes and opportunities associated with being female or male and the social interactions and relationships (including power relationships) between women and men Data are disaggregated by sex, not by gender

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 How are gender statistics produced?

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Two contrasting models of production of gender statistics Model 1 “Add-on” Compilation and dissemination of existing sex-disaggregated data Model 2 “Mainstream” Gender is taken into account in all stages of data production (planning, data collection, data analysis, data dissemination) and in all statistical fields.

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Limited coverage of gender issues Concepts and methods of data collection may not be gender sensitive Products of dissemination perceived as “for women’s advocates only” Gender statistics marginalized among other fields of statistics Fail to reach a wide range of users, particularly policy makers, researchers and analysts in domains other than gender equality Their production may be more dependent on irregular economic and human resources Model 1: Production of gender statistics as an “add-on”

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Model 2: Gender mainstreamed in national statistics (It means that gender is brought into the “mainstream” of all statistical activities rather than dealt with as an “add-on”) Coverage of gender issues are decided from the stage of planning of data collection Concepts and methods of data collection are chosen to be gender- sensitive Dissemination of gender statistics are incorporated in regular publications or databases, therefore they reach a wider audience A more sustainable production of gender statistics Improved quality of data produced by national statistical systems

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 In summary: Gender Statistics- mainstreaming –More than data disaggregated by sex –Respond to the needs of policy makers, advocates, researchers, the media and the public –Gender dimension is integrated at all stages of data production (planning, data collection, data analysis, data dissemination) and in all statistical fields

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Four-step plan for developing gender statistics 1.Identify gender issues (user-producer cooperation is key) 2.Identify data needed to address those gender issues 3.Assess the availability and quality of existing gender statistics 4.If gap between data needed and existing data  Better exploitation, tabulation and dissemination of existing data; Collection of new data, Development of new gender-sensitive concepts and methods

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Mainstreaming a gender perspective into national statistical system requires: Leadership and political will at all levels Specification of formal requirements of gender statistics in the national statistical legislation Cooperation between users and producers of statistics Collaboration of NSOs with other institutions for developing and improving concepts and methods Training of statisticians Re-focus of activities and position of gender units and gender focal points within the national statistical systems

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Global review of Gender Statistics Programmes in countries

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Global Review - Objectives –Conduct a review of gender statistics in national statistical systems Mandated by 2011 UN Statistical Commission Answers received in 2012 from 126 NSOs from 5 UN regions –Obtain information on how gender perspectives are mainstreamed Identify good practices and challenges in integrating gender into the production and use of statistics

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Global Review: 5 main topics 1.Institutional arrangements 2.Production (including data collection) of gender statistics 3.Addressing users’ needs 4.Assessment of mainstreaming gender into national statistical system 5.Legal framework

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Global Review: 5 main topics 1.Institutional arrangements 2.Production (including data collection) of gender statistics 3.Addressing users’ needs 4.Assessment of mainstreaming gender into national statistical system 5.Legal framework

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December Assessment of mainstreaming gender into national statistical system Mainstreaming/integrating a gender perspective into statistics means that gender issues and gender-based biases are taken into account systematically, in the production of all official statistics and at all stages of data production. 86%

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December Institutional arrangements Gender Statistics Entities Question 1: Gender statistics entities Type of gender statistics entity % countries by type of gender statistics entity ESCWA (N=14)All countries (N=126) Gender statistics focal point /desk in NSO Gender focal points in different government ministries/agencies Gender statistics working groups, advisory group Gender statistics dedicated office within the NSO Gender statistics section in different government ministries/agencies Gender statistics focal point/officer in different offices within the NSO

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December Institutional arrangements Budgets Questions 4 and 6: Budgets for gender statistics ESCWA All % with a dedicated gender statistics budget % with ad-hoc funds but no dedicated budget % without dedicated budget or ad-hoc funds

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December Production of Gender Statistics

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Mixed progress in gender statistics Global recognition of the importance of Gender Statistics as shown by the existence of dedicated entities/focal points Some areas are well-covered Increased availability of statistics and gender statistics mainly due to improved dissemination of sex-disaggregated statistics; Yet,

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014  Quality gender statistics are still lacking in many countries: –Data scarcity in areas such as poverty; time use; violence against women; environment Data not collected in some countries Data already collected not adequately disseminated Data disseminated not disaggregated enough to allow the identification of population groups where gender differences are more pronounced Mixed progress in gender statistics

United Nations Statistics DivisionRegional Workshop on Integrating a Gender Perspective in the Production of Statistics, Amman, Jordan, 1-4 December 2014 Re-cap Gender statistics are more than data disaggregated by sex “Sex” and “gender” not interchangeable Gender statistics have to respond to the needs of policy makers, advocates, researchers, the media and the public Gender should be integrated at all stages of data production and in all statistical fields (=gender mainstreaming) Four-step plan for developing gender statistics Identify gender issues (user-producer cooperation is key) Identify data needed to address those gender issues Assess the availability and quality of existing gender statistics Use the information on the gap between data needed and existing data as a basis for developing a plan for gender statistics.

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