Jason Miller Bethsaida Nieves Biology 240 April 6, 2000 Determining the Effects of Alcohol on the Heart Rate of a 72 Hour Chicken Heart Jason Miller Bethsaida Nieves Biology 240 April 6, 2000

Purpose To study the effects of alcohol on the 72 hour chick embryonic heart, by applying different concentrations of alcohol.

Hypothesis The heart rate of a 72 hour chick embryo will regress due to the amount of the alcoholic solution given to the embryo.

1. Preparation of Dilutions Methods 1. Preparation of Dilutions 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.02%

Methods 2. Windowing an egg - In Vivo (Cruz, 1993) 3. Explanting the egg - In Vitro (Cruz, 1993)

Experimental Procedure 12 Embryos 3 Control Embryos 3 Embryos with 0.4% 3 Embryos with 0.2% 3 Embryos with 0.02%

Alcoholic Effects Alcohol is a depressant. Depressants are known to have retardant effects on heart rate and the CNS. However, alcohol is very sporadic at times, and can also increase heart rate. (Logue,1986)

TABLE ONE Embryo # In vivo heart rate In vitro Heart rate with alcohol 1- Control 100 104 104 88 80 68 NONE 2- 0.02% 116 100 128 62 57 57 48 52 48 52 67 3- 0.2% 104 116 132 100 100 100 80 76 84 72 76 4- 0.4% 138 72 102 72 72 66 72 60 60 60 54

* The average of each heart rate is graphed. Data Results Table 1 * The average of each heart rate is graphed. Dark Blue: 0.02% Light Blue: 0.2% Gray: 0.4%

TABLE TWO Embryo # In vivo heart rate In vitro Heart rate with alcohol 1- Control 126 102 120 84 72 78 NONE 2- 0.02% 102 114 120 84 78 84 54 42 48 42 48 3- 0.2% 120 105 100 83 75 71 66 78 90 72 90 4- 0.4% 120 105 115 78 72 66 57 43 36 36 36

* The average of each heart rate is graphed. Data Results Table 2 * The average of each heart rate is graphed. Dark Blue: 0.02% Light Blue: 0.2% Gray: 0.4%

TABLE THREE Embryo # In vivo heart rate In vitro Heart rate with alcohol 1- Control 114 111 117 86 76 73 NONE 2- 0.02% 160 155 150 90 70 75 60 50 50 50 45 3- 0.2% 150 150 135 75 80 70 72 66 60 60 54 4- 0.4% 129 89 108 75 72 70 64 53 48 48 45

* The average of each heart rate is graphed. Data Results Table 3 * The average of each heart rate is graphed. Dark Blue: 0.02% Light Blue: 0.2% Gray: 0.4%

Conclusion The heart rate of each experimental embryo decreased compared to the first in vivo heart rates that were taken. The application of alcohol resulted in an even lower heart rate. As previously explained, alcohol is a depressant. However, it may be very sporadic at times, and can also increase heart rate, therefore, our hypothesis was not supported.

Conclusion Heart rate: After windowing the egg, the heart rate decreased due to lack of warmth from the goose neck lamp. After explanting, the heart rate decreased even more because of the temperature of the warm chick saline solution.

Future Experiments Apply the solutions while in vivo rather then in vitro. Apply the same concentrations (0.02%, 0.2% and 0.4%) to a more developed embryo. Apply different concentrations to the 72 hour chick embryo.

REFERENCES Cruz, Y.P. 1993. Laboratory Exercises In Developmental Biology. Academic Press, San Diego, California, 241 pages. [ISBN 0-12-198390-0] [book]. Logue, A.W. 1986. The Psychology Of Eating And Drinking. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 298 pages.