Title: Latest discussion about International Whole Vehicle Type Approval (IWVTA) Name: Hiroshi Morita Organization: JASIC (Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center) Economy: Japan Thirty Fourth APEC Transportation Working Group Meeting, Brisbane, Australia June 2011

Contents I.Vehicle Regulations and Certification System and the Surrounding Conditions II. System of Mutual Recognition of Vehicle Type Approval in Our Goal III. History of JASIC’s Activities IV. Japan’s Proposal to the UN WP29 V. Framework for Implementing Activities at WP29 VI. WP.29 Informal Group’s Activities VII. Main Items under consideration 2

Introduction 3 Our Goal * At present, various vehicle certification systems exist for different countries in the world. We aim to establish an internationally uniform type approval system and realize mutual recognition of approval among different nations. * Specifically, we aim to upgrade the current approval system under the international agreement (1958 Agreement), which covers “mutual recognition of approval of vehicle construction and equipment”, to the “whole vehicle” level. Mutual recognition of approval of vehicle construction and equipment Vehicle type approval required to be obtained from each country Current System Mutual recognition of approval at the whole vehicle level Vehicle type approval not required to be obtained from each country System in Our Goal

4 * Serious safety and environmental problems related to automobiles due to the increasing motorization around the world especially emerging countries : - Environment (global warming, air pollution, etc.) - Traffic accidents * Globalization of economy requires a leaner and more efficient market access I. Vehicle Regulations and Certification System and the Surrounding Conditions Economic and Social Issues These issues must be addressed. * The UNECE Regulations* do not cover all regulatory items necessary for vehicle type approval. * For countries/regions planning to introduce a system of vehicle type approval and/or mutual recognition of such approval, no model system exists that can be used universally; they need to establish their own unique system. * UNECE Regulations: Uniform regulations under the 1958 Agreement (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) Issues Directly Related to Regulations and Certification System I-1. Why do we need to discuss establishment of the system of IWVTA and mutual recognition of approval now? IWVTA to be established at UN WP29

Purpose: To promote international harmonization of vehicle regulations on safety/environment and international mutual recognition of vehicle approval granted by government pursuant to the agreements below with a view to making available safer and more environmentally-friendly vehicles on the market. (* “Mutual recognition of approval” means to recognize approval granted in other countries as an alternative to its own approval.) Purpose: To promote international harmonization of vehicle regulations on safety/environment and international mutual recognition of vehicle approval granted by government pursuant to the agreements below with a view to making available safer and more environmentally-friendly vehicles on the market. (* “Mutual recognition of approval” means to recognize approval granted in other countries as an alternative to its own approval.) 5 Harmonization of regulations + Mutual recognition Harmonization of regulations United Nations World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (permanent body) (UN/ECE/WP29 * ) UN agreement on uniform standards for vehicles/equipment, etc. and mutual recognition of type approval (1958 Agreement) UN agreement on global technical standards for vehicles/equipment, etc. (1998 Agreement) Under UN Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) I-2. Current Status of World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (UN/ECE/WP29) *WP29: Working Party 29

6 I-3. Changes in the Numbers of Contracting Parties to the 1958 and 1998 Agreements and the Number of UNECE Regulations Adopted by Japan Changes in the Number of Contracting Parties to the 1958/1998 Agreements Asia: Thailand : ‘58 Malaysia: ‘58 & ‘98 China: ‘98 Changes in the Number of UNECE Regulations Adopted by Japan Numbers increasing; Joined by Asian countries Technical requirements basically the same as UNECE India: ‘98 韓国 98 加盟 58 加盟 South Korea: ‘98 & ‘58 Number of Contracting Parties Number of ECE Reg. adopted

I-4. Mutual Recognition of Approval Under the 1958 Agreement 7 Possible for approval of vehicle construction and equipment to be mutually recognized among 47 countries & 1 region (as of June 2010) Market in country A Market in country B Market in country C Market in country D Market in country E Government approval in country A Automobile manufacturers and parts manufacturers To date, 127 regulations have been established as the UNECE Regulations for vehicle construction and equipment. It is basically possible for approval granted under these regulations to be mutually recognized among Contracting Parties. Lamps Brake Tyres SeatsGlazing Current status

8 II-1. System of Mutual Recognition of Vehicle Type Approval in Our Goal Automobile manufacturers Mutual recognition of approval for vehicle construction and equipment Mutual recognition of approval at the whole vehicle level Government testing/approval in Country A Market in country A Market in country B Market in country E Market in country D Market in country C IWVTA (International Whole Vehicle Type Approval) is the system of mutual recognition of approval upgraded from the equipment level to the “whole vehicle” level. System in our goal

II-2. Benefits of Mutual Recognition of IWVTA 9 If the system of mutual recognition of vehicle type approval (including all technical requirements for a whole vehicle) is established under the UN, (1) Benefits from harmonizing regulations, while maintaining road safety and environmental protection, will increase, further promoting Contracting Parties’ activities for harmonizing regulations related to vehicle construction and equipment, etc. (2) It will serve as a model system that will help Contracting Parties establish the uniform vehicle type approval system and accelerate their activities for realization of mutual recognition system based on such approval. Through harmonization, advanced safety and environmental regulations will be implemented internationally. Testing/approval procedures will be streamlined. Establishment of vehicle type approval system in developing countries, etc. will be facilitated. Government (G) Costs and man-hours required by differing development and certification procedures for complying with regulations of each product destination will be reduced. Resource can be spared for development of improved safety and environmental technologies. Industry (I) Wider availability of safer, more environmentally-friendly vehicles with reasonable prices Realization of sustainable mobility society Beneficial for both G and I. Should be realized through G-I collaboration. User

10 Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center (JASIC *1) started discussions toward establishing the IWVTA system. A work committee established within JASIC (co-chaired by MLIT and JAMA) III. History of JASIC’s Activities April 2007 At a formal meeting of UN WP.29, Japan proposed the IWVTA system in advance and obtained support from participating countries. EU expressed its hope to revise the 1958 Agreement in conjunction with the system establishment. November 2009 JASIC discussed elements of infrastructure necessary for IWVTA, details of the system, and the proposal to submit to WP.29. JASIC also made arrangements with related organizations and governments of other countries. At a formal meeting of UN WP.29, Japan made its formal proposal for the IWVTA system. The meeting reached a unanimous decision to set up an Informal Group to work toward establishing the IWVTA. At the same time, it was agreed to discuss revision of the 1958 Agreement. March 2010 * 1 JASIC: Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center. A body where government and industry work together to support internationalization of regulations and certification system. * 2 OICA: International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (French name: Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles)

11 This system consists of the following two parts: Part on IWVTA procedure Part on mutual recognition of approval among Contracting Parties Outline of the proposal Composition To build infrastructure for establishing, in the future, the “system concerning mutual recognition of IWVTA” under WP.29 through utilization of the “agreement on mutual recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment and parts” To establish the system concerning mutual recognition of IWVTA in the framework of the UN agreement, based on the existing agreement concerning mutual recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment and parts. The IWVTA system to cover procedures up to the issuance of certificates of conformity related to a whole vehicle; the registration of vehicles in each country based on those certificates of conformity to be carried out pursuant to its national legislation (c.f., Among EU Member States, mutual recognition of vehicle approval based on EU-WVTA* has been implemented). For the moment, the scope of system includes passenger cars only. IV. Japan’s Proposal to the UN Details of the proposal Informal group to be set up to develop the roadmap to carry out the above; Draft roadmap to be presented to WP.29 in Nov * WVTA: Whole Vehicle Type Approval 11 Inclusive IV-1. Overall picture

12 Quality control * Initial assessment for applicant * COP (Conformity of Production) Testing of Whole vehicle’s conformity with technical requirements Certificate of Conformity Vehicle registration Constituent of IWVTA procedure Approval of construction/equipment Whole vehicle type approval application Process for rule making Duty of CP issuing type approval Qualification of technical service Safe guard clauses (refusal) Recall provisions Designation of technical service Obligations of applicant … and more Contracting Party (CP) Duty of CP accepting type approval : Covered by the current 1958 Agreement : Modified for the new mutual recognition system : Covered by the current 1958 Agreement but partially need to be amended : Newly added To be considered at 1st step (-2016)To be considered at 2nd step (2016-) Information for registration IV-2. IWVTA Image Constituent of Mutual Recognition

13 If, based on the consideration at 1st step, it is judged that the activity should continue, as the 2nd step, to further consider elements necessary for mutual recognition among Contracting Parties such consideration will be carried out. (1) Development of elements necessary for IWVTA (1st step): If elements that are judged to be appropriate to be reflected to the existing 1958 Agreement through this consideration are identified, such elements will be reflected immediately. As the 1st step, those with high priority for consideration among elements for the IWVTA system will be developed as the common bases. (1) Elements with high priority for consideration a) Requirements necessary for specifying vehicles (definitions of types, dimensions, masses, etc.) b) Issues identified regarding management of the mutual recognition of approval for vehicle construction and equipment under the 1958 Agreement, etc. (interpretation issue, etc.) c) Regulatory items that could facilitate the mutual recognition of approval for vehicle construction and equipment under the 1958 Agreement (technical requirements necessary for IWVTA, etc.) (2) Reflection to the 1958 Agreement (2) Consideration of the 2nd step: IV-3. Planned Discussions

14 V. Framework for Implementing Activities at WP.29 UN/ECE/WP.29 Task: Development of roadmap (to be proposed to WP.29 in Nov. 2011) Chairman: Mr. Gauvin (WP.29 Chairman) Co-chairmen: Mr. Renders (EU) * Revision of the 1958 Agreement (Voting right, qualification of technical service, etc.) Mr. Onoda (MLIT) * Preparation of elements necessary for IWVTA (Technical requirements, types, categories, weights, definition of dimensions, specifications of application procedures, etc. necessary for IWVTA) Secretariat: Mr. Oshita (JASIC) Time of meeting: Friday of the week prior to WP.29 Place: Paris (mostly) Members: Any organization that attends WP.29 (Currently about 30 members from government and industry) IWVTA Informal Group

15 1 st (Preparatory) IG meeting Time: March 2010 (Geneva) Conclusions: * Chairman, co-chairmen, secretariat decided * Membership qualification and registration procedures presented (anyone can attend) * Overall schedule introduced 2 nd IG meeting Time: June 2010 (Paris) Conclusions: * EU presented draft revision to the 1958 Agreement; to be studied by each member by next meeting * Japan discussed how to review national regulations for studying technical requirements necessary for IWVTA and how to choose regulatory items as international standards; based on the result of this discussion, each country is to review its national regulations and study them by the next meeting 3 rd IG meeting Time: 5 November 2010 (Paris) Conclusion: *Results of reviews of national regulations and regulatory items chosen as international standards to be discussed in 6 th IG meeting The revision of 58 agreement to be discussed in Jan. IG meeting. Draft roadmap to be discussed in Jan IG meeting also. Past and Future Activities of WP.29 IWVTA Informal Group (IG) 4 th Ad-hoc IG meeting Time: 18th January 2011 (Japan) Conclusion : revised annex of the 1958 agreement. Drafting by EU and JAPAN. Delegation of Asian countries attended in this IG. VI. WP.29 IWVTA Informal Group’s Activities 5 th IG meeting Time: Mar (Paris) Conclusion : to be discuss Technical requirements necessary for IWVTA. List of Technical requirement will agree November, 2011 To be proposed to WP.29 in November th IG meeting (scheduled) Time: September 2011 (Brussels ?) Roadmap proposal to be finalized (including the proposal for revisions to the 1958 Agreement) 8 th IG meeting (scheduled) Time: November 2011 (Paris?) Roadmap proposal to be finalized (including the proposal for revisions to the 1958 Agreement) 6 th IG meeting (scheduled) Time: June 2011 (Paris) Roadmap proposal to be finalized (including the proposal for revisions to the 1958 Agreement)

16 1. Revision of the 1958 agreement consolidated table with comments to document IWVTA Prepare and submit an inventory on issues eligible for amendments with some rough sketch for such amendments to WP29. November, 2011 VII. Main Items under consideration Structure of the 1958 Agreement will be discussed and agreed. -RE3, WP29/1059, W29/1044 insert into Annex of the 1958 agreement Discussion on the inventory of issues eligible for amendments -Voting procedure for Annex of the 1958 Agreement -Prepare the definitions of ”Alternative” and ”Option“ -etc Base document : IWVTA Transmitted by EU IWVTA Transmitted by Technical secretary at Next IG meeting(17 June, 2011)

2. Concept of IWVTA Discuss and agree ECE0 concept : proposal from OICA -Basic idea agree in this informal group Making draft ECE0 November, 2013 WP29 Will agree ECE0 March, 2016 at Next IG meeting(17 June, 2011) VII. Main Items under consideration

18 3. Technical requirements necessary for IWVTA (a) those on which it is appropriate to specify only one requirement as the international regulations, (b) those on which it is appropriate to specify several requirements as the international regulations considering the characteristics of different regions, or (c) those on which it is difficult to formulate justifications that they are appropriate as the international regulations. Discuss on the candidates for items of IWVTA technical regulations. -Listing of the existing technical requirements necessary for NTA by member countries. -Sorting the technical requirements by (a) those on which it is appropriate to specify only one requirement as the international regulations, (b) those on which it is appropriate to specify several requirements as the international regulations considering the characteristics of different regions, or (c) those on which it is difficult to formulate justifications that they are appropriate as the international regulations. Agree on the candidates for items of IWVTA technical regulations. November, 2011 WP29 is to discuss and agree on the addition and/or amend applicable IWVTA technical regulations and submit it to AC1 March, 2016 VII. Main Items under consideration at Next IG meeting(17 June, 2011)

19 Thank you for your attention !