1 Session 7, Section 2 Critical Infrastructure Drew Bumbak

2 Objectives Provide an overview of critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) Explain the effects of a catastrophe on infrastructure Describe the critical infrastructure needs of responders Discuss prioritization of restoration of critical infrastructure (e.g. which sectors have priority for restoration, and what sectors suffer as a result?)

3 Acronyms/ Abbreviations CI/KR - critical infrastructure and key resources HSPD-7 – Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7 NIPP – National Infrastructure Protection Plan

4 Critical Infrastructure Systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health, safety, or any combination of those matters. (USA PATRIOT Act P.L ) The assets, systems, and networks, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on security, national economic security, public health, or safety, or any combination thereof. (U.S. Department of Homeland Security)

5 Key Resources Key Resources are publicly or privately controlled resources essential to the minimal operations of the economy and government. (U.S. Department of Homeland Security)

6 CI/KR Sectors according to HSPD-7 Agriculture and Food Banking and Finance Chemical Commercial Facilities Communications Dams Defense Industrial Base Emergency Services Energy Government Facilities Information Technology National Monuments and Icons Nuclear Reactors, Materials, and Waste Postal and Shipping Public Health and Healthcare Transportation Systems Water

7 Federal Sector Specific Agencies A lead federal agency is assigned primary responsibility for each CI/KR sector. This agency, called a Sector Specific Agency, is tasked with leading the efforts to protect that particular CI/KR sector. This includes development and maintenance of a sector specific plan to explains how the National Infrastructure Protection Plan is applied to the sector in question (e.g., how is the NIPP implemented for the energy sector).

8 Federal Sector Specific Agencies Sector Agriculture and Food Banking and Finance Chemical Sector Specific Agency(ies) – Department of Agriculture (USDA) & Department of Health & Human Services, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) – Department of the Treasury – Department of Homeland Security

9 Federal Sector Specific Agencies Sector Commercial Facilities Communications Dams Defense Industrial Base Sector Specific Agency(ies) – Department of Homeland Security – Department of Defense

10 Federal Sector Specific Agencies Sector Emergency Services Energy Government Facilities Information Technology Sector Specific Agency(ies) – Department of Homeland Security – Department of Energy – Department of Homeland Security

11 Federal Sector Specific Agencies Sector National Monuments & Icons Nuclear Reactors, Material, and Waste Postal and Shipping Public Health and Healthcare Sector Specific Agency(ies) – Department of the Interior – Department of Homeland Security – Department of Health and Human Services

12 Federal Sector Specific Agencies Sector Transportation Systems Water Sector Specific Agency(ies) – Department of Homeland Security – Environmental Protection Agency

13 Effects of Catastrophe on CI/KR The effects that a catastrophe may have on CI/KR will vary significantly with the type of catastrophe. Some catastrophes (e.g. earthquakes, hurricanes, etc.) can cause massive damage to the physical infrastructure, while others (e.g. pandemic) may cause little or no direct damage to the physical infrastructure, but may result in significant disruption of infrastructure secondary to attrition of critical personnel.

14 Activity I Discuss the potential effects of the following catastrophes on critical infrastructure: – New Madrid Earthquake (7.2 magnitude) – Major Hurricane landfall on South Florida – Pandemic – Major volcanic eruption of Mt. Rainier in the Pacific Northwest

15 Responder CI/KR Needs Responders to a catastrophe will have specific CI/KR needs. If these needs are not met, either by the existing infrastructure or temporary / replacement infrastructure, the responders will not be able to effectively carryout their missions. Six of the CI/KR sectors can be considered immediately necessary for response.

16 Responder CI/KR Needs The six CI/KR sectors immediately necessary for response are: – Agriculture and food – Communications – Energy (particularly electric power and fuel) – Information technology – Transportation systems – Water

17 Responder CI/KR Needs Many, if not all, responders will most probably bring resources to meet some of their essential CI/KR sector needs, particularly with regard to food, communications, energy, and water. However, even response units that are supposed to be self-sufficient for some period of time (e.g. DMAT and USAR teams) will require resupply during their deployment and will typically require the use of some of the existing infrastructure (e.g. roadways for travel).

18 Prioritization of CI/KR Restoration Though HSPD-7 identifies 17 distinct sectors of the nation’s economy as being critical infrastructure, this should not be taken to mean that all 17 sectors are of equal importance, particularly from the standpoint of restoration of service post catastrophe. As with a “run-of-the-mill” disaster, restoration of services post-catastrophe must be prioritized based on the effects of the event and the needs of the impacted area. Thus, a type of triage will need to be performed, with some sectors being identified for faster restoration while restoration of others may have to be delayed until resources can be freed up.

19 Activity II Based on the results from activity 1, discuss the priority for restoration of various CI/KR sectors given the following catastrophic events and timeframes: – 7.2 magnitude New Madrid Earthquake in late November – 7.2 magnitude New Madrid Earthquake in late March – Major Hurricane landfall on South Florida – Pandemic – Major volcanic eruption of Mt. Rainier in the Pacific Northwest