MATHEMATICS & SCIENCE CENTER

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1998 Geology Summer Field School – Radford University

Courtesy of Virginia Division of Mineral Resources

Courtesy of USGS

THE COASTAL PLAIN A region of sedimentary strata consisting of sands, muds, and gravels Tidal waters occupy not only the Chesapeake Bay, but also lower portions of the James, York, Rappahannock and Potomac rivers Extends inland for more than 100 miles and is monotonously flat

Courtesy of Virginia Division of Mineral Resources

1998 Geology Summer Field School – Radford University

Courtesy of Carroll Ellis, Physical Geology, 2003

1998 Geology Summer Field School – Radford University

THE PIEDMONT Largest province extending from the Fall Line westward to the Blue Ridge Mountains Comprised of a complex of metamorphic and igneous rocks, overlain in a few places by Triassic-age sedimentary beds Important rocks and minerals include pegmatites, slate, kyanite, gold and pyrite

Courtesy of Virginia Division of Mineral Resources

1998 Geology Summer Field School – Radford University

The Blue Ridge Mountain A long narrow, northeast-southwest trending mountain chain Consists of old Precambrian-age sedimentary and volcanic rocks Old Rag Granite is the oldest rock unit dated in Virginia at 1.2 billion years The two highest mountains in the state, Mt Rogers (elevation 5,719 ft.) and White Top (elevation 5,520 ft.) are both in the southern Blue Ridge

Courtesy of Virginia Division of Mineral Resources

The Valley and Ridge Composed of folded and faulted 550 to 300 million-year-old sedimentary rocks Most ridges are held up by resistant sandstone, and most valleys are underlain by less resistant shale, limestone, and dolostone Karst features, such as caves and sinkholes are common throughout this province

Courtesy of Virginia Division of Mineral Resources

The Appalachian Plateau Contains deep narrow valleys and steep, rugged mountain sides caused by downcutting by streams Consists of 320 to 280 million-year-old sandstone and shale with coalbeds Most of the rock layers are relatively flat- lying Coal is Virginia’s most important mineral resource