The Laws. The First Law of Thermodynamics Three parts…. 1.Energy can not be created or destroyed; 2.Energy can be transferred from a system to the systems.

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Presentation transcript:

The Laws

The First Law of Thermodynamics Three parts…. 1.Energy can not be created or destroyed; 2.Energy can be transferred from a system to the systems surroundings; 3.Energy changes can be accounted for.

The Law of Conservation of Mass, Matter & Energy During an ordinary chemical change, there is no detectable increase or decrease in the quantity of matter. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change its form. The total quantity of matter and energy available in the universe is a fixed amount and never increases or decreases.

Potential and Kinetic Energy… If a person who weighs 45 kilograms is standing on the top of a building that is 381 meters high kilograms

…and that person was to jump, the PE would be: PE=MGH PE=(45kg)(9.8)(381) PE=168,021 Joules 45 kilograms A side note: “G” stands for gravity. On Earth, gravity is always 9.8m/s/s.

….if that person were to fall in a vacuum, (which means that there is no air resistance) the KE would equal the PE! KE=(1/2 m)(v 2 ) KE=(1/2*45)(7.4676) KE=(22.5)(7.4676) KE= 168,021 Joules 45 kilograms

The First Law of Thermodynamics On Earth, where there is an atmosphere, the PE of an object will always be greater than the KE! That “lost” energy, which is not ever lost, can be accounted for as heat that results from air resistance.

Mass and Temperature change… If a candle has a mass of 25 grams is burned below a 100 cubic centimeters of water, and the temperature of the water increases…

The change in the mass of the candle is equal to the mass of the gases that result from burning the candle. The heat and light result from the conversion of chemical potential energy.

Total mass is equal to the starting mass plus the mass that results from the reaction. Total energy is equal to the energy of the parts