1 MIS 131 Introduction to Algorithms and Programming 2015/2016 Fall - Chapter 1 -

2 Chapter 1 – Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming Outline 1.1Introduction 1.2What Is a Computer? 1.3Computer Organization 1.6Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-level Languages 1.7The History of C 1.8The C Standard Library 1.13Structured Programming 1.14The Basics of a typical C Program Development Environment

3 Outline Introduction What Is a Computer? Computer Organization Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-level Languages

4 What is a Computer? Computer Device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called computer programs Hardware Various devices comprising a computer Keyboard, screen, mouse, disks, memory, CD- ROM, and processing units Software Programs that run on a computer

5 Software System programs Operating systems Microsoft 7,10, Unix, Unix, Android Utility programs - Compilers and interpreters C,C++,Java compilers QBasic interpreter Application Programs LOGO accounting SPSS statistics

6 Six logical units in every computer: Input unit Obtains information from input devices (keyboard, mouse) Output unit Outputs information (to screen, to printer, to control other devices) Memory unit Rapid access, low capacity, stores input information Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) Performs arithmetic calculations and logic decisions Central processing unit (CPU) Supervises and coordinates the other sections of the computer Secondary storage unit Cheap, long-term, high-capacity storage Stores inactive programs

7 Three types of programming languages Machine languages Assembly languages High-level languages

8 Machine languages Strings of numbers giving machine specific instructions Natural language of the computer 0-1 corresponding to high or low voltage Instructions and data are encoded into binary numbers Example:

9 Assembly languages English-like abbreviations representing elementary computer operations (translated via assemblers) Example: LOAD BASEPA ADD OVERPAY STORE GROSSPAY

10 High-level languages Codes similar to everyday English Use mathematical notations (translated via compilers) Example: grossPay = basePay + overTimePay

11 grossPay = basePay + overTimePay one line of a programm Variables grossPay basePay overTimePay Onces compiled turn into machine code after loading each has an adress in main memory of the computer executing the sum instruction basePay and overTimePay has values they are summed and assigned to grossPay

12 Problem solving Problem programmer Meaning of computer programming

13 machine language high level languages QBasic, C,C++,Java,VB.NET natural languages Turkish English programmer compiler interpreter

14 What CPU does Reading data or instructions from main memory Performing aritmetic operations Addition, multiplication, division,… Performing logical opertations Comparing numbers They are equal, one is lsss then the other Moving results of operation back to main memory

15 Steps of Software Development Problem definition Analysing the problem Development of algorithm, pseudocode and flow chart Programming Testing the program Implementing

16 The text books Java How to Program, 8th or higher Editions Late Object Version by Deitel & Deitel Pearson Starting out with Programming Logic and Design 2ed Eddition by Tony Gaddis Pearson

17 Version of Java Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) J2SE Development Kit (JDK)

18 Two Styles of Programming Structured programming MIS 131 Introduce structured programming with a pure object oriented language Lava Object oriended programing MIS 132 Basic object oriented programming Object oriented capabilities of Java

19 History of Java Java by Sun Microsystems in 1991 team leader: James Gosling Originally for intelligent consumer-electronic devices Then used for creating Web pages with dynamic content Now also used for: Develop large-scale enterprise applications Enhance WWW server functionality Provide applications for consumer devices (cell phones, etc.)