Electrical Distribution Training Logic Equation Editor

2 Customisation of messages Operation of Sepam Sepam Logic inputs Protection functions Standard monitoring and control functions Control matrix Logic outputs LEDs Messages Logical equation editor Dedicated TSs

3 Presentation of the logical equation function The function is used to set up simple logical functions by combining data received from the protection functions or logic inputs. The logical equation editor is used to:  make additions to standard processing operations. Logical operators (AND, OR, XOR, NOT) and time delays are used to add new operations and new signals to the existing ones.

4 The logical equation function produces outputs which are used:  in the matrix to control relay outputs, switch on LEDs or display new messages. Use of the logical equation function

5 Output variables X Logical equation function and output matrix

6 X Logical equation function and LCD matrix

7 PERSOPERSO Logical equation function and message matrix

8 The logical functions produce outputs which are used:  in the protection functions to create, for instance, new inhibition or reset conditions  in the circuit breaker logic to add cases of circuit breaker tripping, closing or inhibition  in the generator logic for shut down and desexitation  in the messages and reset management  in disturbance recording to record particular logical data  in remote indications. Outputs of the logical equation function

9 Presentation of the logical equation editor The logical equation editor is integrated in the SFT 2841 software tool. Interface for data entry assistance and syntax checking. It may not be used to:  change the standard circuit breaker control, logic discrimination or recloser functions  program complex logic schemes. No simulator.

10 Editor Editing zone Writing tool Checking tool Use of the logical equation editor To set the timers

11 Setting up logical functions. Logical functions are entered in textual format in the SFT2841 editor. Each line includes a logical operation, the result of which is assigned to a variable. Example V1 = P50/51_2_3 OR I102. Writing logical equations

12 Use of editing assistant for protections

13 Use of editing assistant for operators

14 Logical equation editor resources Input variables Logic inputs Protection functions Time-delayed protection outputs Instantaneous protection outputs Other protection outputs (faulty phase, phase direction…) Logical equation editor 2 times 31 variables local (saved) or volatile Logical operators NOT, AND, OR, XOR Time delays Bistables and latching Time programmer (saved) 200 operations max. Cycle time = 14ms Output variables and TS (remote indications) 20 variables to be assigned in control matrix 9 pre-assigned variables: 3 to circuit breaker control 2 to generators 3 to the resets and clear 1 to disturbance recording TS 177 to TS 186 Protection inputs (inhibition, reset)

15 Input variables Logic inputs Time-delayed protection outputs Instantaneous protection outputs Other protection outputs (faulty phase, phase direction…) Input editor resources

16 They are transmitted by logic inputs or protection functions. They may only appear to the right of the assignment sign:  logic input of the MES 120 I101 to I114, I201 to I214, I301 to I314 : logic inputs  input transmitted by protection outputs _unit_data: protection output Example: P50/51_2_3, Overcurrent protection, element 2, data 3: time-delayed output.  Remote control orders TC 1 to TC64 Modbus adresses 0C88 to 0C8B Input variables

17 Editing assistant for inputs

18 Editing assistant for protection input

19 Editing assistant for remote control order

20 Logical equation editor 2 time 31 local variables (saved OR volatil) Logical operators NOT, AND, OR, XOR Time delays Bistables and latching Time programmer (saved) 200 operations max. Cycle time = 14ms Variables and operators

21 Variables designed for intermediary calculations. They are not available anywhere else than in the logical equation editor. They may appear to the left or right of the assignment sign. There are 31 of them saved in case of power fail : VL1 to VL31 There are 31 of them not saved in case of power fail : VV1 to VV31 They may appear to right of the assignment sign. There are two predefined constants as well: K_1 always equal to 1 and K_0 always equal to 0. 3 internal variables : V tripped, v closed, v_closed_inhibited Local variables Inputs or outputs

22 Editing assistant for local variables

23 Logical operators: NOT, AND, OR, XOR, = 16 time delays and/or: TON (pick-up) or TOFF (drop-out) time programmer : PULSE 16 bistables : SR, with priority given to set LATCH: bistables with reset via «reset» key LATCH(V10) Logical operators and special functions

24 Output variables and TS (remote indications) 20 variables to be assigned in control matrix 9 pre-assigned variables: 3 to circuit breaker control 2 to generator 3 to reset and clear 1 to disturbance recording Protection inputs (inhibition, reset) Output resources

25 They are sent to the matrix, or to the protection functions, or to the control logic functions. They may only appear to the left of the assignment sign. Outputs transmitted to matrix: V1 to V20 with related TSs These outputs are included in the matrix and are used to control signal lamps, relay outputs and messages V1 adress 0C13/0 V2 adress 0C13/1 Etc … Output variables

26 Output variables and C.B.and generator command V_TRIPCB: circuit breaker tripping by circuit breaker control. V_CLOSECB: circuit breaker closing by circuit breaker control. V_INHIBCLOSE: inhibition of circuit breaker closing by circuit breaker control. V_SHUTDOWN : generator shut down. V_DE_EXCITATION : stop of the excitation

27 Output variables for messages and reset V_Reset : reset or set to 0 the latch of the protection function and the bistable SR and the latched inputs V_Clear : clear the alarms. V_Inhibit reset local : inhibition of the local reset V_FLAGREC: data recorded in disturbance recording. Used to record a specific logical status in addition to those already included in disturbance recording..

28 Editing assistant for output variables

29 Outputs transmitted to protection inputs _element_data: protection input Example P59_1_113, Overvoltage protection, element 1, data 113: inhibit protection.

30 Logic inputs Protection functions Standard monitoring and control functions Control matrix Logic outputs LEDs Messages Logical equation editor Dedicated TSs Customization of messages protection input Output to inhibition, reset,... The results of logical equations may be used to modify the behavior of protection functions:  inhibition (same as enabled/disabled)  reset.

31 Editing assistant for inhibition, reset,...

32 Operators The maximum number of operators is 200 =:Assignment of a result NOT:Logical inversion OR:Logical OR AND:Logical AND XOR:Exclusive OR TON:Time delay TOF:Time delay PULSE:Time programmer SR:Bistable LATCH:Latching

33 Logical operators NOT:Logical inversionV2=NOT VL1 VL1V2  V2 VL1 VL2 V2 VL2 OR:Logical ORV2=VL1ORVL2 & V2 VL1 VL2 V2 VL2 AND:Logical ANDV2=VL1 AND VL2 XOR:Exclusive OR. V1 XOR V2 is equivalent to (V1 AND (NOT V2)) OR (V2 AND (NOT V1))

34 x = TON(y, t): pick-up time delay (delay) variable x follows the transition to 1 of variable y with a delay of t (t in milliseconds) I102 ___________________|¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯|_________ | | VL1 _______________________________|¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯|_________ VL1 = TON( I102, 300 ) VL1 = TON(I102, TIMEX) ON time delay function

35 OFF time delay function x = TOF(y, t): drop-out time delay (extension) variable x follows the transition to 0 of variable y with a delay t (t in milliseconds). P50/51_1_1 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯|_________________ VL1 |---- t ----| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯|_____ VL1 = TOF (P50/51_1_1, 300) VL1 = TOF (P50/51_1_1, TIMEX)

36 Timer setting

37 Pulse function x = PULSE(d, i, n): time-tagger used to generate n periodic pulses, separated by a time interval i as of the starting time d. d is expressed as hour:minute:second i is expressed as hour:minute:second n is a positive integer. Example V1 = PULSE(8:30:00, 1:0:0, 4) will generate 4 pulses one hour apart at 8h30, 9h30, 10h30 and 11h30. This will be repeated every 24 hours. The pulses last one 14 ms cycle. V1 has the value 1 during the cycle. If necessary, V1 may be extended using the functions TOF, SR or LATCH.

38 Bistable function x = SR(y,z): Bistable with priority given to Set x is set to 1 when y equals 1 x is set to 0 when z equals 1 (and y equals 0)  x is unchanged in the other cases X Y Z SR 1 0 V1 = SR(P50/51_3_3,I14 )

39 LATCH function LATCH(x, y, …): Latching of variables V1 to V10, VL1 to VL31 and V_TRIPCB, V_CLOSECB, V_INHIBCLOSE, V_FLAGREC These variables are maintained constantly at 1 after they are first set. They are reset to 0 following the resetting of Sepam (reset button, external or remote controlled input). The LATCH function accepts as many parameters as there are variables that the user wishes to latch. It covers the entire program, whatever the position in the program. To improve legibility, it is advisable to put it at the beginning of the program.

40 Recommendations on the use of the logical equation editor (1/2) Equations are executed sequentially, line by line. Sepam's total cycle time is 14 ms. Variables must only be used once in the program:  V1 = VL1 AND I12 OR P2727S_1_1 V1 = (VL1 OR VL2) V1 = I13 AND I14. Only the last expression is acknowledged. The logic inputs are processed according to the parameter setting in the control logic menu: inversion or normal.

41 Expressions which contain different OR, AND, XOR or NOT operators must include brackets: V1 = VL1 AND I12 OR P2727S_1_1. // incorrect expression V1 = (VL1 AND I12) OR P2727S_1_1. // correct expression V1 = VL1 OR I12 OR P2727S_1_1. // correct expression: Sepam's total cycle time is 14 ms. Function parameters may not be expressions: V3 = TON((VL1 AND VL3), 300) // incorrect VL4 = VL1 AND VL3 V3 = TON(VL4, 300) // correct Recommendations on the use of the logical equation editor (2/2)

42 The variables:  V1 to V10,  VL1 to VL31  V_TRIPCB, V_CLOSECB, V_INHIBCLOSE, V_FLAGREC  V_SHUTDOWN, V_DE_EXCITATION are saved if Sepam's DC supply goes down. Their status is restored when the power is switched on again.  The variables :  VV1 to VV31  the timer counters are not saved if Sepam's DC supply goes down. Their status is set to 0 when the power is switched on again. What happens if the DC supply goes down

43 Equation check

44 Logical equation editor messages

45 Downloading equations When the equations are correct, they may be downloaded. When the APPLY key is activated, the SFT2841 tool downloads the equations into Sepam. During the downloading operation, Sepam stops:  maintenance wrench is displayed  maintenance LED goes on. At the end of downloading, Sepam starts up again automatically.

46 End of training course Thank you for taking this training course. Equations provide flexibility for adding functionality. Observe limits in processing operations, with a maximum of 200. Test. The MDE Hot line is always at your disposal.

47 Examples of application (1/2) Latching of a signal lamp without latching of the protection Certain operating conditions require that the indications on the front of Sepam be latched, but not the O1 tripping output. Tripping of the circuit breaker if the I105 input is present for more than 3s. Control of a day/night indicator.  Activation of an output 106 from 22h00 to 7h00. ON / OFF by a pulse on I107. Work with the power on If work is underway with the power on, the user will want to change the relay behavior as follows:  tripping of the circuit breaker by the instantaneous bits of protection functions 50/51or 50N/51N AND input I108  inhibition of the recloser

48 Examples of application (2/2) Validation of a 50N/51N protection function by logic input I21:  A 50N/51N protection function set with a very low setpoint should only trip the breaker if it is validated by a logic input. The input is received from a relay which takes an accurate measurement of the neutral point current. Sepam used for a capacitor feeder: inhibit closing during capacitor discharging. Inhibition of circuit breaker closing if thermal alarm setpoints are exceeded:  The temperature protection function 38/49T supplies 8 alarm bits. If one of the first three setpoints is activated, the user wants circuit breaker closing to be inhibited.

49 Solutions (1/11) Latching of a signal lamp without latching of the protection Certain operating conditions require that the indications on the front of Sepam be latched, but not the O1 tripping output. LATCH (V1,V2) V1 = P5051_1_1 OR P5051_3_1 // tripping units 1 and 3 of 50/51 V2 = P5051_2_1 OR P5051_4_1 // tripping units 2 and 4 of 50/51 In the matrix, the LEDs are assigned to variables V1 and V2

50 Solutions (2/11) Tripping of the circuit breaker if the I13 input is present for more than 300 ms. V_TRIPCB = TON(I13,300) CB control should be set to YES for correct operation

51 Solutions (3/11) Control of a Day/Night indicator.  VL1 = PULSE (7:0:0, 0:0:0, 1) // Switch to day at 7:0:0  VL2 = PULSE (20:0:0, 0:0:0, 1) // Switch to night at 20:0:0  V1 = SR(VL2,VL1) // V1 is at 0 from 7h to 20h and at 1 from 20h to 7h  In the matrix, the V1 variable is assigned to an output.

52 Solutions (4/11) ON / OFF by a pulse on I13  VL4 = (NOT VL5) AND I13 // VL4 = Detection of rising edge on I13,  VL5 = I13 // VL5 = previous status of I13  VL1 = VL4 AND VL3 // Set to 0 by pulse from I13  VL2 = VL4 AND (NOT VL3) //Set to 1 by pulse from I13  VL3 = SR(VL2, VL1)// to be assigned in VL3 matrix  VTRIP= TOF(VL2, 200)  V CLOSE = TOF( VL1,200) as output from V1 to be used in matrix

53 Solutions (5/11) Work with the power on If work is underway with the power on, the user will want to change the relay behavior as follows:  tripping of the circuit breaker by the instantaneous bits of protection functions 50/51or 50N/51N AND input I25: VL1= (P50/51_1_1 OR P50N/51N_1_1) AND I108 V_TRIPCB =VL1 V2=VL1 LATCH ( VL1)  inhibition of the recloser: P79_1_113 = I108

54 Solutions (6/11) Validation of a 50N/51N protection function by logic input I21: A 50N/51N protection function set with a very low setpoint should only trip the breaker if it is validated by a logic input. The input is received from a relay which takes an accurate measurement of the neutral point current. V_TRIPCB = P50N/51N_1_3 AND I21 CB control should be set to YES for correct operation.

55 Solutions (7/11) Sepam used for a capacitor feeder: inhibit closing during capacitor discharging VL1 = VL2 AND NOT I12// Pulse sent when closed position disappears VL2 = I12 V_INHIBCLOSE = TOF(VL1, 20000)// Inhibition of closing for 20s after opening CB control should be set to YES for correct operation.

56 Solutions (8/11) Inhibition of circuit breaker closing if thermal alarm setpoints are exceeded: The temperature protection function 38/49T supplies 8 alarm bits. If one of the first three setpoints is activated, the user wants circuit breaker closing to be inhibited. V_INHIBCLOSE = P38/49T_1_10 OR P38/49T_2_10 OR P38/49T_3_10 CB control should be set to YES for correct operation.

57 Solutions (9/11) Work with the power on We want to inhibit protection functions 50N/51N and 46 via an I24 input: P50N/51N_1_113 = I24// inhibition of protection 50N/51N P46_1_113 = I24 P // inhibition of protection 46 46_1_113 = I24

58 Solutions (10/11) Latching of final recloser tripping information By default, this information is a recloser pulse type output. If required by operating conditions, it may be latched, as follows: LATCH(V1) // V1 can be latched V1 = P79_1_204 // recloser "final tripping" output V1 can then control an indicator or relay output in the matrix

59 Solutions (11/11) Stator starting with autotransformer-reduced power VL1 = I14 AND VL20//incomplete sequence VL3 = I24// hv fuse melting VL19 = TON(I23,10000 )//reduced voltage phase timer, here 10s VL20 = TON(I23,12000 )//total timer, here 12s VL22 = I23 AND I26 AND I12//used for vl21 VL21 = TON( VL22,1000 )//reactor timer, here 1s V1 = (I23 AND I25 )OR (I23 AND I12 ) //K1 line contactor control V2 = I23 AND NOT VL19 AND I14 // KN neutral point contactor control V3 = I23 AND I26 AND VL21//KL short-circuiting contactor control V4 = VL1//output O3 sequence incomplete V_TRIPCB = VL1 OR VL3//tripping by HV fuse or sequence incomplete V_INHIBCLOSE = I13 // inhibition of start order if KL is closed