PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE 1: Part 1: Pavement Preservation Idaho Roads Scholar Program

Learning Objectives n Become familiar with terminology n Distinguish between preventive and reactive repairs n Understand basic pavement management concepts u Monitoring pavement condition u Pavement life cycle

Issues n What is pavement preservation? n What is preventive maintenance? n What is corrective maintenance? n When should these actions be taken? n Are these activities effective? n If so, then why doesn’t everyone have a pavement preservation program?

Definitions n Preventive Maintenance n Corrective Maintenance n Pavement Preservation n Pavement Rehabilitation

Preventive Maintenance The planned strategy of cost effective treatments to an existing roadway system and its appurtenances that preserves the system, retards future deterioration, and maintains or improves the functional condition of the system (without increasing structural capacity). - AASHTO’s Standing Committee on Highways

Preventive Maintenance n Planned n Performed on good pavements n Contributes to long- term performance n Examples: Fog Seal, Chip Seal, Thin HMA Overlay

Corrective Maintenance n Reactive n Performed on failing pavements n Does not contribute to long-term performance n Examples: Patching, Pothole Repair

Pavement Preservation The sum of all activities undertaken to provide and maintain serviceable roadways; this includes corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance, as well as minor rehabilitation projects - National Highway Institute

Pavement Preservation Pavement Preservation Preventive Maintenance Corrective Maintenance =+

Pavement Rehabilitation Work undertaken to extend the service life of an existing pavement. This includes the restoration, placing an overlay, and/or other work required to return an existing roadway to a condition of structural and functional adequacy. - National Highway Institute

Candidate for…?

Types of Maintenance Activities SometimesNoGenerallyCorrective Yes Preventive Probably NotNo Reactive (Demand) SometimesNot NecessarilyYesRoutine Extends Facility Life? Before Deterioration?Planned?Type

Pavement Management Concepts n Pavement Life Cycle n Pavement Condition n Pavement Condition Index (PCI) n Pavement Serviceability Index (PSI) n Critical “PCI”

Time or Traffic Pavement Condition Pavement Lifecycle

Pavement Condition n Pavement Condition can be rated using any number rating systems, including: u Pavement Condition Index (PCI) F PCI = 100 is New/Excellent and PCI = 0 is Failed u Present Serviceablity Index (PSI) F PSI = 5 is New and PSI = 0 is Failed F Used in the AASHTO Design Methodology u International Roughness Index (IRI) F Rating is Inches/Mile and is automatically recorded

Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor Very Poor Failed Pavement Condition Index n Corps of Engineers Develop for Airfields n ASTM now has standards for both highways and airfields n Analyze Distresses u Type u Severity u Density

Pavement Condition Index n Example: u Distress Type: Weathering/Raveling u Distress Severity: Moderate u Distress Density: 100% of Surface u PCI Deduct Value: 12pts u Pavement Condition Index: 88

Time or Traffic Pavement Condition Index PCI = 88 Pavement Condition

Time or Traffic Pavement Condition Index Critical PCI = Pavement Condition

Time or Traffic Pavement Condition Index Preventive Maintenance Corrective Maint, Rehabilitation, or Reconstruction Critical PCI

Time or Traffic Pavement Condition Preventive Maintenance Preventive Maintenance

Corrective Maintenance/Repair Time or Traffic Pavement Condition Corrective Repairs

Rehabilitation Time or Traffic Pavement Condition Rehabilitation

Reconstruction Time or Traffic Pavement Condition Reconstruction

Applying the right treatment... To the right pavement... At the right time Philosophy of Pavement Preservation

Benefits of a Pavement Preservation Program n Higher customer satisfaction n Better informed decisions n Improved strategies and techniques n Improved pavement condition n Costs savings n Increased safety

NQI Survey of Users n Moderate level of satisfaction with highway system n Considerable opportunity to improve customer satisfaction n Prefer permanent over temporary repairs u “Get in, Stay in, Get out, Stay out.” n Complete construction in a timely fashion

Better Informed Decisions n Program relies on proper treatment selection and treatment timing n Need information to make decisions n Successful programs have been integrated with Pavement Management Systems (PMS)

Improved Pavement Condition n Preventive maintenance helps to preserve a pavement and extend its performance n Overall condition of network improves u Fair, Poor, and Failed Pavements are reconstructed and returned to a high pavement condition u Excellent and Good Pavements are kept in high condition

Time or Traffic Pavement Condition Preventive Maintenance Pavement Condition

Effect of Pavement Preservation % Poor% Fair% Good% Excellent % of Pavement Network 1994 Base1999 Worst First1999 Preventive

Cost Savings n Most persuasive argument for shifting to preventive maintenance strategies n Forms of cost savings u Less expensive treatments u Longer pavement life u Reduction of user delay costs

n Preventive maintenance: $10,270 n Rehabilitation:$45,570 n Reconstruction: $574,000 Cost Comparison of Options

Use of PMS Information FailedPoorFairGoodExcellent Condition Rating (PCI) Percent of Network Current Year 5

Increased Safety n Safety is the #1 priority of users n Explicit benefits u Improved surface friction u Fewer defects n Implicit benefits u Better pavement condition u Fewer and less disruptive repairs

Additional Benefits n Agencies have a stable budget n Agencies have stable workforce n Contractors have stable workforce n Not affected by upswings and downswings

Current Funding Status n In the past, eligibility for Federal funding required that the pavement be improved structurally n Recent highway bills have changed the way preventive maintenance is funded

Challenges to Implementation n Agencies that have implemented a preventive maintenance program report extremely positive results. n Why isn’t everyone doing it? n Barriers, both real and perceived...

Public Perceptions n Public averse to steering maintenance dollars toward pavements in good condition n Agencies more likely to receive complaints about specific defects than overall network n Need to educate the public about new philosophy

Management Perceptions n Need commitment from management to succeed n Maintenance not traditionally given a high priority n Need to create awareness of benefits n Personnel changes disrupt continuity

Summary n Anticipated benefits u Higher customer satisfaction u Better informed decisions u Improved strategies and techniques u Improved pavement condition u Cost savings u Increased safety u Stability

Summary (cont’d) n Challenges are widespread u Public perception u Management perception

So what is Pavement Management ? n Systematic method for routinely collecting, storing, and retrieving decision-making data needed to make maximum use of limited dollars n It also creates a set of steps or computer routines for quickly accessing the data to arrive at educated decisions

Review n Become familiar with terminology n Distinguish between preventive and reactive repairs n Understand basic pavement management concepts u Monitoring pavement condition u Pavement life cycle

Questions? PMS