What are three different types of viral capsids?
1.Polyhedral 2.Helical 3.complex
What are viral spikes?
Virally encoded proteins that are inserted into the cell membrane, which becomes the viral envelope Often used by the virus for attachment
What are the steps in replication of an animal virus?
Attachment Penetration Uncoating Biosynthesis Maturation/Assembly Release
What is reverse transcriptase?
An RNA dependent DNA polymerase It copies RNA into DNA
What types of viruses use RNA dependent RNA polymerases?
Most RNA viruses An exception is the retroviridae
What are the major differences in biosynthesis between +RNA viruses and –RNA viruses?
+RNA viruses undergo translation first, then they replicate their nucleic acid -RNA viruses must bring RNA dependent RNA polymerase with them so they can replicate their nucleic acid to + sense, and then they can undergo translation
What family of RNA viruses use reverse transcriptase?
Retroviridae
What are the major differences in biosynthesis between +RNA viruses and –RNA viruses?
+RNA viruses undergo translation first, then they replicate their nucleic acid -RNA viruses must bring RNA dependent RNA polymerase with them so they can replicate their nucleic acid to + sense, and then they can undergo translation
What family of RNA viruses use reverse transcriptase?
Retroviridae
What is antigenic shift?
Major changes in surface antigens of influenza virus due to recombination events (error during assembly)
What is antigenic drift?
Point mutations in surface antigens of the influenza virus due to errors by the RNA polymerase during replication
What family of viruses does the influenza virus belong to?
Orthomyxoviridae