27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Current Lidar Activities at ETL Mike Hardesty and Alan Brewer NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Overview of Topics Fine structures of moisture transport measured during IHOP Lidar upgrades and deployments for current field experiments NOAA G-4 Doppler lidar

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds IHOP Horizontal Winds: 9 June Forecast showed low level jet Flight track to measure jet 270 km

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Northern leg wind and water vapor

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Lidar and dropsonde flux comparison DIAL/Doppler lidar Dropsonde (~50 km spacing)

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Fine Scale Transport 1809 m ASL

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Fine Scale Transport 2309 m ASL

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Fine Scale Transport 2589 m ASL

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Average Moisture flux versus height

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Northern Leg vq Cospectrum 15 km150 km

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Current Lidar Activities New England Air Quality (ship) –Wind profiler and Doppler lidar to characterize winds down to the surface –Cloud radar/radiometer to measure cloud properties –Aerosol/ozone lidar to detect layering –Air/sea flux measurements New England Air Quality (plane) –Airborne ozone/aerosol lidar –Dropsondes Key West Air Sea Interaction study –MOPA CO2 Doppler lidar on Navy ship

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds High Resolution lidar 2003/2004 Upgrades Reconfigured optical system to incorporate a fiber coupled receiver detector. Implemented a PZT controlled variable coupler to regulate amount of LO power mixing with return signal. Simplified transmit/receive paths. Completely re-designed receiver detector circuitry to be compatible with fiber receiver. Frequency monitor information now extracted from receiver detector signal. Implemented an improved Pound- Drever/Hall circuit board (for locking cavity to seed light). Developed &implemented new motion- compensation control algorithms. –Correction to 0.3 degree rms –Fully removes linear velocities

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds MOPA CO2 Doppler Upgrades Implemented C12O18 isotope –Resonances in backscatter for some sulfates –Eliminates CO 2 absorption –Reduced H 2 O continuum absorption Two identical master oscillator paths for DIAL measurements Range has doubled, often to 15 km with 1.3 mJ

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds NOAA G-IV Instrumentation Upgrades Contact Point: Alan S. Goldstein – NOAA/Aircraft Operations Center

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Mission Needs The next generation of NWS numerical prediction models is the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) system. The WRF for hurricanes (HWRF) will be an advanced modeling system to forecast track, intensity and rainfall. NWS held a workshop in May 2002 to identify data required by HWRF. The results of this workshop were used to generate a preliminary instrumentation and modification plan. Discussions with NCEP/Environmental Modeling Center, NCEP/National Hurricane Center and OS/Operations and Requirements Division have refined the measurement requirements and corresponding instrumentation proposal. 15

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds HWRF Workshop List 3D Winds – Critical for Model Initialization Ocean Temperature and Heat Content * Vertical Temperature Profiles Vertical Moisture Profiles Ocean Waves * Microphysics/Rain Ocean Currents Radiation * Supports current NHC forecasting _ | For Model | Verification | (May be needed _| for initialization) | | For Model | Verification | _| 16

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Look angles and wind products

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds 2-d Winds in each plane Mean Wind

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Components Laser – Diode pumped tripled Nd:YAG Receiver – Direct detection Heat Rejection –Cooling Loop to external radiator Telescope/Scanner –HOE scanner (Schwemmer) Integration/Products –NOAA/ETL SpecValueNotes Measurement rate:2 seconds per look angleIncludes integration time and articulation Measurement spatial resolution:1 kmLOS Look directions:4 or 6 points / 2 or 3 planes0, +/-5 deg (elevation). Fore and aft (45 deg) Laser wavelength:355 nm Laser power:12 watts Laser rep rate:50 Hz diode pumped Eye safetyEye safe Measurement accuracy:< 1 m/s from 0 – 15 km Telescope type:HOE Telescope/Scanner Telescope aperture:18 cm (30 cm) Telescope field of view:.2 mrad Etalon gap:1.6 cm Number of orders:5 Free spectral range:.3125 cm -1 Dynamic range:1644 m/s/order Etalon plate diameter:6 cm Etalon clear aperture:4.2 cm Etalon reflectivity:70% Etalon flatness:Lambda / 633 nm Etalon absorpotion:<1% Number of CCD channels:283 Transmission to interferometer input:41% Overall transmission:17% Recycling configuration3 Operation:Autonomous with scripting

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Interior view

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Expected Performance Time resolution2 secs Along beam spatial resolution 1 km 4 point scan 6 point scan 8 secs 12 secs Wind profile flight path spatial scale 2 km to 3 km

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds Timeline April 04 –Paperwork into purchasing –NASA MOU paperwork into system Sep 04 – Orders placed July – Sept 05 Delivery of major components Sept – Nov 05 Assemble Lidar system Nov 05 - Lab testing entire system Dec 05 - Initial upload of Lidar into G4 Winter Storm Season 06 - testing Lidar systems Hurricane Season 06 – Initial deployment G4 Doppler Lidar

27-May-16Working Group on Spacebased Lidar Winds What’s next IHOP –Compare observed transport with model estimates –Complete investigation of vertical velocity fluctuations Solid state Doppler lidar –Tropical cumulus experiment (NOAA ship) 2005 –Fly on NOAA Twin Otter (2005) –Co-deploy with airborne ozone lidar in Texas (2006) Dual wavelength CO 2 MOPA lidar –DIAL experiments to measure hydrocarbons