Fundamentals of Electricity

Matter : Weight - Space Element O2O2 Compound H2OH2O Mixture Cement

Matter : Weight - Space Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

Atoms P n nucleus e- valence shell

Atoms Protons – Positive Charge Nucleus Nucleus Neutrons – No Charge Nucleus Nucleus Electrons – Negative Charge – Negative Charge – Outside the Nucleus – Outside the Nucleus

Atoms Atomic Number – Number of Protons Atomic Weight – Number of Protons plus Neutrons Number of Protons EQUALS Electrons in a neutral atom

Atoms - Copper Atomic Number 29 Atomic Weight 64 Electrons 29

Atoms - Copper Valence Electron

Atoms - Silver Atomic Number 47 Atomic Weight 108 Electrons 47

Atoms - Silver Valence Electron

Atoms - Gold Atomic Number 47 Atomic Weight 108 Electrons 47

Atoms - Gold Valence Electron

Atoms - Platinum Atomic Number 78 Atomic Weight 195 Electrons 78

Atoms - Platinum Valence Electron

Atoms - Aluminum Atomic Number 13 Atomic Weight 27 Electrons 13

Atoms - Aluminum Valence Electrons!

Law of electrostatics Q or q is used to represent a quantity of charge -q – excess number of electrons. +q – excess number of protons. ***Electrons have left the building!!!***

Law of electrostatics Like charges repel. -q +q -q Unlike charges attract.

Law of electrostatics

Law of Electrostatics +q 1 +q 2 d F F

Law of electrostatics F = k q1q2d2q1q2d2 electrostatic constant

Ionization The process where an atom gains or loses an electron. Na + Cl - Na – Positive Ion Cl – Negative Ion

Static Electricity

Current Flow of Electrons Metals - Free Electrons e ee ee

Conductor Substances in which electrons will flow readily with little energy applied.

Conductor Elements that contain less than half the maximum number of electrons in the valence shell

Insulator Substances in which electrons will flow when large amounts of energy is applied.

Insulator Elements that contain more than half the maximum number of electrons in the valence shell

Semiconductors Substances that sometime act like conductors and sometimes like insulators. C, Si, Ge

Superconductors Substances that allow electrons ro move with no resistance at all.

Force and Work -q F +q d } Potential Difference

Force eeeeee ee e e eeeeee Voltage Electromotive Force (EMF)

Voltage Symbol – V or E Unit – Volt Volt - V

Power Symbol – P Unit – Watt Watt - W Rate at which work is done.

Current Flow of charge! Charge - Coulomb(C) 6.28 X electrons eeeeee ee e e eeeeee

Current eeeeee ee e e eeeeee Number of electrons passing a point in a second.

Current Symbol - I Unit – Ampere (Amps) Amperes - A

Resistance Opposition to Current Flow High Resistance Insulator

Resistance Opposition to Current Flow Low Resistance Conductor

Resistance Opposition to Current Flow High and Low Resistance SemiConductor

Resistance Symbol - R Unit – Ohm Ohm - Ω

Putting it all Together Load Source Path

Putting it all Together Resistance Voltage Source + _ e current

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