William (Bill) Johnson, Ph.D. Chief Scientific and Technical Advisor Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance Systems Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 Certification Process Study: M aintenance Human Factors Considerations Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008

2 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Overview AVS Chief Scientist Program Maintenance HF Sample Activities Upcoming Activities Challenges/Myths

3 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Maintenance CSTA Organizational Roll 1 of 21 Executive Scientists reporting to AVS-1 Report through Flight Standards and Aircraft Certification.

4 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Disciplines for CSTAs Advanced Composite MaterialsAdvanced Composite Materials Advanced Control SystemsAdvanced Control Systems Aeronautical CommunicationsAircraft Computer Software Aircraft Safety AnalysisAvionics/Electrical Systems Crash DynamicsCrash Dynamics Metallurgy Wake TurbulenceWake Turbulence Flight Deck Human FactorsFlight Deck Human Factors Flight ManagementFlight Simulation Systems Nondestructive EvaluationPropulsion Control Systems Fuel System DesignEngine System Dynamics and Safety Fatigue and Damage ToleranceFlight Loads/Aeroelasticity Electromagnetic Interference and Lightning Flight Environmental Icing Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance Systems

5 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Maintenance CSTA Organizational Roll 1 of 21 Executive Scientists reporting to AVS-1 Also report through Flight Standards and Aircraft Certification. Duties include: –Define, sell, conduct/participate in R&D –Participate in applied FAA/industry activities –Guidance material –Rulemaking participation Extensive writing and public speaking

6 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Overview AVS Chief Scientist Program Maintenance HF Sample Activities Upcoming Activities Perceived immediate challenges 20 year challenges

7 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Sample Recent Activities Mx HF Presentation System Two Operator’s Manuals for HF Annual FAA-ATA HF Symposium ASI Survey Inspector Training (3 days) IA Seminars

Maintenance Human Factors Presentation System Description of the Maintenance Human Factors Presentation System Federal Aviation Administration

9 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, Reference Manuals

10 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Annual FAA-ATA HF Symposium

11 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 ASI Survey Objectives Determine ASI information on: General HF Knowledge Level HF Observations from the field Attitude about the value of HF programs Need for regulations What FAA should do for ASIs regarding HF

12 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Who Responded?

13 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 ASI Ranking of Operator Challenges ISSUEAverage (5 Pts.) Pressure3.09 Complacency2.89 Norms2.84 Lack of resources2.74 Failure to follow established procedures2.73 Distraction2.60 Lack of awareness2.59 Lack of communication2.58 Lack of assertiveness2.53 Stress2.50 Fatigue2.41 Lack of knowledge2.34 Lack of teamwork2.32.

14 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Do we need HF Regulation?

15 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Overview AVS Chief Scientist Program Maintenance HF Sample Activities Upcoming Activities Challenges/Myths

16 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Upcoming Activity Rulemaking for Approved Training (121 and 135 for start) Multi-disciplinary approach to maintenance fatigue Audit of normal operations Impact of new technologies on maintenance training

17 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Overview AVS Chief Scientist Program Maintenance HF Sample Activities Upcoming Activities Challenges/Myths

18 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Challenges/Myths (1 of 2) Employee training/certification Ab initio Continuation Is today’s workforce ready? Is our aviation maintenance workforce the world’s best Selection process for maintenance personnel Maintainability of new technologies? Design of technical documentation “systems”

19 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Challenges/Myths (2 of 2) Repeated studies show: Installation errors Failure to documentation Should smart A/C require less skilled maintenance personnel? Compare to automotive industry Small GA shops don’t need SMS, error reporting, etc.

20 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Summary AVS Chief Scientist Program Maintenance HF Sample Activities Upcoming Activities Challenges/Myths

21 Federal Aviation Administration Part 23 CPS – Maintenance Human Factors Kansas City, KS February 6-7, 2008 Questions?