Hites Foran Carpenter Hamilton Knuth Schwager FDA Health Canada World Health Organization

Willett Harvard School of Public Health Gallo Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Blackburn Harvard Medical School Rimm Harvard School of Public Health Hahn Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Santerre Purdue University Guzelian University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Lichtenstein Friedman School of Nutrition, Tufts University Tucker Epidemiology and Dietary Assessment Program, Tufts University O'Sullivan University of Massachusetts Medical School Carpenter

Farmed vs. Wild

Farmed Wild Cost $7.50 $22.50 Availability 12 mos 4 mos (meal for 4 people - 1.5 lbs.) As you can see, “substitution” is hardly the solution. Fresh wild salmon is available 4-5 months of the year. And, by and large, it is not affordable to the average family. The authors elitist attitude is unfortunate.

$20 million $3 million

July 2003 Environmental Working Group PCB = 27 ppb 10 fish/questionable science Heavy PR (5X wild, 40x beef, etc)

PCBs 2,000 ppb (FDA) 27 ppb

FDA--wrong idea/numbers EPA--right idea/numbers EWG on Food Policy FDA--wrong idea/numbers EPA--right idea/numbers

“of course, the omega-3 benefits are not found in farmed salmon.” Dr. Frank Hue

“of course, the omega-3 benefits are not found in farmed salmon.” “I can say categorically that these quotes are not mine...My understanding of omega-3 fatty acids in farm-raised salmon is also from the USDA nutrient database. Thus, I have no reason to believe that omega-3 fatty acids are lower in farm-raised salmon based on the USDA data.” Dr. Frank Hue

Compare salmon to the total dietary PCB load from other foods Compare salmon to the total dietary PCB load from other foods. These are not all the foods that contain PCBs, but it gives you an idea of where most of the PCBs in your diet come from. Note that the per capita consumption of milk is around 422 glasses a year, so a quart a day—1,460 glasses a year—(which is what many young people drink) is off this chart.

Adapted from Seattle Post-Intelligencer January 15, 2004 Here is another way to look at it—by the absolute amount in various foods.

PCBs at any level do not belong in food. We are not satisfied, even with the current low levels in farmed salmon. We are working and succeeding at lowering them. But in the meantime remember two things….

23,000 in 100,000--lifetime risk of cancer. 1, 2 or 3 additional cases in 100,000 (23,001 in 100,000) 0.001 percent (1/1000 of a percent) increase But, assuming you use EPA numbers and agree on the risk, here is the risk. Even at consumption well above what most people eat, the risk is very small.

23,000 in 100,000--lifetime risk of cancer. 1 additional case in 100,000 (23,001 in 100,000) 0.001 percent 30% reduction in CHD But, everything has a risk-benefit and this is it for salmon. What makes sense?

January 2004 Hites, et.al. 700 Fish PCBs = 27 ppb

Lots of enemies and few lots of friends.

Willett Harvard School of Public Health Gallo Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Blackburn Harvard Medical School Rimm Harvard School of Public Health Hahn Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Santerre Purdue University Guzelian University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Lichtenstein Friedman School of Nutrition, Tufts University Tucker Epidemiology and Dietary Assessment Program, Tufts University O'Sullivan University of Massachusetts Medical School Carpenter

“We have an epidemic of bad eating habits and bad food selections and that’s the forest that’s causing us so much heart disease, so much cancer, so much obesity, so much diabetes,” said Dr. George Blackburn, director of the Center for the Study of Nutrition and Medicine at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. “This study on salmon is not even a branch on a tree in the forest relative to this force of healthy food that is so important to our longevity, to the quality of our life, and to preventing us from having chronic disease.” The Boston Globe, January 20, 2004

Editorial Opinions About the “Study” and Farmed Salmon The Wall Street Journal, February 11, 2004 The Boston Globe, January 20, 2004 Health Sciences Institute e-Alert, January 20, 2004 The National Post, January 15, 2004 NPR’s Morning Edition, January 22, 2004 The Philadelphia Inquirer, January 19, 2004 The New York Times, January 17, 2004 FOXNews, January 16, 2004 The Orlando Sentinel, January 10, 2004 The Globe and Mail, January 10, 2004

PBDEs

Farmed vs. Wild

“It’s a little bit hypocritical when we eat so much junk food and are so overweight that we would start worrying about fish from good providers such as established fish markets.” Dr. George Blackburn, Harvard Medical School The Journal of the American Medical Association, February 25, 2004

Environment

Less omega-3 More saturated fat

Color Antibiotics

Color Big issue with consumers Non-issue with regard to health

Color Not dyed………..fed Same as wild salmon Animal nutrition requirement Human nutrition product

Antibiotics Only used for disease treatment Under direct supervision of veterinarian Strict withdrawal times (FDA, EU, Japan) Less than 3% of feed medicated

Battleground has shifted……

PCBs

Lots of enemies and few friends.

Our mission has been altered.

Education (media/influencers) Trade Assistance Feed Issues Certification

Farmed Salmon

Route into humans? Route into foods? In what foods? Effects/Levels?

Get Ready Don’t just pay your dues Do the Right Thing--- vs. Doing Things Right

And then………

Learned Consumption Patterns

No Silver Bullet