척수혈관질환 (Vascular diseases of spinal cord)

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Presentation transcript:

척수혈관질환 (Vascular diseases of spinal cord) Neurosurgeon Yoon Seung-Hwan

척수의 혈관

Arterial system Anterior spinal artery 양측 vertebral artery의 anterior spinal rami가 합류하여 시작하며 여러 개의 anterior radicular artery 의 상향과 하향 분지의 문합으로 이루어짐 1. Upper or cervicothoracic territory 2. Intermediate or middle thoracic territory 3. Lower or thoracolumbar territory

Upper or cervicothorcic territory 상부 경수 – anterior spinal rami of vertebral artery 중부 경수 – branches of vertebral artery 하부 경수 – branches of subclavian artery

Intermediated or middle thoraicc territory T4-T8 thoracic cord area 2-3 anterior radicular arteries

Lower or thoracolumbar territory 마지막 3-4 thoracic cord 와 요수 팽대 Adamkiewicz artery 한 개의 큰 동맥, T9 to L2 에서 척수에 도달 주로 우측에서 공급됨

Posterior spinal artery Origin from vertebral artery Bypass foramen magnum 좌우로 2개가 분포한다.

Central spinal artery Branches of anterior spinal artery Through anterior sulcus of cord To anterior white commissure

Venous system Intermedullary vein anterior median vein posterior median vein Peirmedullary vein, venous vasocorona anterior and posterior spinal vein posterolateral and anterolateral vein Radicular vein venous plexus 가 모여서 이루어짐

척수경막외 정맥계 radicular vein – internal vertebral venosus plxus, Batson plexus – 추간정맥 – 요정맥 or azygos vein – 대정맥

척수 혈관계의 순환 Autoregulation mechanism 뇌순환과는 달리 척수순환의 자동조절은 혈중의 탄산가스의 분압보다는 교감신경에 많이 좌우된다.

폐쇄성 척수혈관장애 원인 1. 원발성 혈관 병변에 의한 척수연화 (동맥경화증, 혈관염, 교원병등) 2. 척수 또는 수막 병변에 의한 혈관 압박으로 인한 척수 경화 (척추간반탈출증, 경막외 농양, 결핵성 수막염) 3. 척수 혈관색전에 의한 척수연화(심질환, 지방색전등) 4. 정맥계 폐색질환에 의한 척수연화(정맥류, 혈전성 정맥염등) 5. 전신혈액순환장애에 의한 척수 연화(혈압저하, 전신성 혈관병변, 중독등) 6. 의원성 혈관장애에 의한 척수연화(대동맥 기형수술)

증상 Transient ischemic attack –일과성 뇨실금 Spinal cord infarction anterior spinal artery occlusive syndrome – 대게 emboli posterior spinal artery thrombosis central artery syndrome

Hemorrhage Suddenly back pain Cord compression symptoms Etiology trauma, vessel anomaly, tumor blood dyscrasia, atherosclerosis

Epidural hemorrhage Subdural hemorrhage Spinal SAH Hematomyelia

Epidural hemorrhage 남자> 2-3 개 분절에 걸쳐서 발생 Backpain & radicular symptoms, cord compression Sx & sign D.Dx epidrual abscess, HNP, cord tumor dissecting aneurysm Tx decompressive laminectomy – rapidly, if possble

Subdural hemorrhage Rare > lower thoracic and TL junction

Subarchnoid hemorrhage Etiology vessel anomaly, aneurym, Coarctation of aorta, collagen disease, anticoaluate agent Symptom and sign backpain and radicular symptom meningeal irritation sign D.Dx s-SAH on brain

Hematomyelia Rare Clinical findings Tx similar to spinal cord infarction spontaneous resolutions large hematoma - removal

Vascular anomaly Embriologic anomaly: 3-6 weeks Dx MRI, CT, spinal angiolgraphy

Classification Type Ⅰ: single, coiled, unbranched type Type Ⅱ: glomus type Type Ⅲ: Juvenile type High flow: 선택적인 척수 혈관조영술에서 contrast clearance가 5초이내 Low flow

발생 빈도 3.3% 에서 40% 남자> TL junction: 60% Upper thoracic: 28% cervical: 12% 척수 후면: 80%>

임상증상 운동 또는 지각장애와 방상통 늑간통 좌골신경통 배뇨, 배변장애, 성기능 장애 수개월 --- 출혈이나 경색--- 갑자기 악화

Pathogeneisis Mechanical compression Vascular steal phenomenon

Diagnosis MRI – signal void Myelogram – serpentine filling defect Selective spinal angiography - confirm

Treatment Single, coiled type and glomus type 수술적인 적출 가능 Juvenile type- 수술적인 완전 적출은 어려움